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Healthy relationships are a strong protective factor for illness outcome and contribute to the quality of our lives. The science of relationships, our concepts, assessments, and interventions, are the basis for family, couple, and group psychotherapies. Advances in neuroscience show resting state connectomes synchronizing with daily emotional connections between a parent and their child, leading Lee et al. (2017) to conclude that “families that fire together smile together” (p. 31). Cultural norms influence the expression of emotion and the meaning of expressed emotion, necessitating cultural adaptation of our interventions (Heru 2020).

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