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Disruptive and antisocial behavior in youth is the longest and most heavily studied syndrome in child and adolescent mental disorders. This interest is understandable because externalizing behaviors are often alarming and are easily noticed by caretakers, resulting in disruptive behavior disorders being the most frequent referral problem for youth, accounting for one-third to one-half of all cases seen in mental health clinics. This focus also reflects the recognition that adult sociopathy is almost always preceded by disruptive behavior in childhood. Of all psychopathologies, antisocial behavior has the most detailed description of its course over the lifespan. The study of and intervention efforts with antisocial youth had a direct impact on the development of child mental health care in the United States. The founding of juvenile court clinics in 1899 to deal with delinquents resulted in the creation of the child guidance movement and the establishment of child and adolescent psychiatry as a subspecialty.
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