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Substance use disorders (SUDs) and other psychiatric disorders are well known to co-occur more commonly than would be expected by chance alone. This comorbidity, sometimes referred to as dual diagnosis, is often associated with greater symptom severity, worse long-term prognosis, and higher rates of service utilization (Brady et al. 2007; Jacobi et al. 2004; Lopez-Quintero et al. 2011; Morojele et al. 2012). It is critical that clinicians recognize how commonly SUDs and other psychiatric conditions co-occur and that they routinely assess clients for comorbidity. In order to most effectively serve dual-diagnosis populations, treatment strategies must simultaneously target the substance use problems and any psychiatric comorbidity. In this first chapter of Part VII, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of psychiatric comorbidity in substance-related disorders. Subsequent chapters examine in greater detail the comorbidity of SUDs with specific other psychiatric disorders (see Chapters 44–49).
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