References

• Academy for Eating Disorders Medical Care Standards Committee: Eating Disorders: A Guide to Medical Care. AED Report, 4th Edition. Reston, VA, Academy for Eating Disorders, 2021
• Academy for Eating Disorders Nutrition Working Group: Guidebook for Nutrition Treatment of Eating Disorders. Reston, VA, Academy for Eating Disorders, 2021
• Accurso EC, Waller G: A brief session-by-session measure of eating disorder psychopathology for children and adolescents: development and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder-15 for Youth (ED-15-Y). Int J Eat Disord 54(4):569–577, 2021a
• Accurso EC, Waller G: Concordance between youth and caregiver report of eating disorder psychopathology: development and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder-15 for Parents/Caregivers (ED-15-P). Int J Eat Disord 54(7):1302–1306, 2021b
• Acevedo A, Garnick DW, Dunigan R, et al: Performance measures and racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of substance use disorders. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 76(1):57–67, 2015
• Achamrah N, Coëffier M, Rimbert A, et al: Micronutrient status in 153 patients with anorexia nervosa. Nutrients 9(3):225, 2017
• Afifi TO, Sareen J, Fortier J, et al: Child maltreatment and eating disorders among men and women in adulthood: results from a nationally representative United States sample. Int J Eat Disord 50(11):1281–1296, 2017
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews (AHRQ Publ No 10~14~-EHC063-EF). Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2014
• Agostino H, Erdstein J, Di Meglio G: Shifting paradigms: continuous nasogastric feeding with high caloric intakes in anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health 53(5):590–594, 2013
• Agostino H, Burstein B, Moubayed D, et al: Trends in the incidence of new-onset anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. JAMA Netw Open 4(12):e2137395, 2021
• Agras WS, Bohon C: Cognitive behavioral therapy for the eating disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 17:417–438, 2021
• Agras WS, Dorian B, Kirkley BG: Imipramine in the treatment of bulimia: a double-blind controlled study. Int J Eat Disord 6(1):29–38, 1987
• Agras WS, Schneider JA, Arnow B, et al: Cognitive-behavioral and response-prevention treatments for bulimia nervosa. J Consult Clin Psychol 57(2):215–221, 1989
• Agras WS, Rossiter EM, Arnow B, et al: Pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa: a controlled comparison. Am J Psychiatry 149(1):82–87, 1992
• Agras WS, Rossiter EM, Arnow B, et al: One-year follow-up of psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments for bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry 55(5):179–183, 1994a
• Agras WS, Telch CF, Arnow B, et al: Weight loss, cognitive-behavioral, and desipramine treatments in binge eating disorder: an additive design. Behav Ther 25(2):225–238, 1994b
• Agras WS, Telch CF, Arnow B, et al: Does interpersonal therapy help patients with binge eating disorder who fail to respond to cognitive-behavioral therapy? J Consult Clin Psychol 63(3):356–360, 1995
• Agras WS, Walsh T, Fairburn CG, et al: A multicenter comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57(5):459–466, 2000
• Agras WS, Lock J, Brandt H, et al: Comparison of 2 family therapies for adolescent anorexia nervosa: a randomized parallel trial. JAMA Psychiatry 71(11):1279–1286, 2014
• Ahn J, Lee JH, Jung YC: Predictors of suicide attempts in individuals with eating disorders. Suicide Life Threat Behav 49(3):789–797, 2019
• Alegria M, Woo M, Cao Z, et al: Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in Latinos in the United States. Int J Eat Disord 40(Suppl):S15–S21, 2007
• Alfonsson S, Parling T, Ghaderi A: Group behavioral activation for patients with severe obesity and binge eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Modif 39(2):270–294, 2015
• Ali K, Farrer L, Fassnacht DB, et al: Perceived barriers and facilitators towards help-seeking for eating disorders: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 50(1):9–21, 2017
• Allan E, Le Grange D, Sawyer SM, et al: Parental expressed emotion during two forms of family based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 26(1):46–52, 2018
• Allen HN, Craighead LW: Appetite monitoring in the treatment of binge eating disorder. Behav Ther 30(2):253–272, 1999
• Allen DB, Merchant N, Miller BS, Backeljauw PF: Evolution and future of growth plate therapeutics. Horm Res Paediatr 94(9–10):319–332, 2021
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ACOG committee opinion No. 740: gynecologic care for adolescents and young women with eating disorders. Obstet Gynecol 131(6):e205–e213, 2018
• American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Person-Centered Care: Person-centered care: a definition and essential elements. J Am Geriatr Soc 64(1):15–18, 2016
• American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 1994
• American Psychiatric Association: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders, 3rd Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006
• American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2013
• American Psychiatric Association: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults, 3rd Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2016
• American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2022
• Anand P, Mehler PS: Osteoporosis recovery in severe anorexia nervosa: a case report. J Eat Disord 7:38, 2019
• Anastasiadou D, Folkvord F, Lupiañez-Villanueva F: A systematic review of mHealth interventions for the support of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 26(5):394–416, 2018
• Andersen L, LaRosa C, Gih DE: Reexamining the role of electroconvulsive therapy in anorexia nervosa in adolescents. J ECT 33(4):294–296, 2017
• Anderson KE, Byrne CE, Crosby RD, et al: Utilizing telehealth to deliver family based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 50(10):1235–1238, 2017
• Andrews JC, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, et al: GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation’s direction and strength. J Clin Epidemiol 66(7):726–735, 2013
• Arbel R, Latzer Y, Koren D: Revisiting poor insight into illness in anorexia nervosa: true unawareness or conscious disagreement? J Psychiatr Pract 20(2):85–93, 2014
• Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, et al: Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(7):724–731, 2011
• Asch DA, Buresh J, Allison KC, et al: Trends in US patients receiving care for eating disorders and other common behavioral health conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 4(11):e2134913, 2021
• Atti AR, Mastellari T, Valente S, et al: Compulsory treatments in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord 26(4):1037–1048, 2021
• Attia E, Walsh BT: Behavioral management for anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 360(5):500–506, 2009
• Attia E, Kaplan AS, Walsh BT, et al: Olanzapine versus placebo for out-patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 41(10):2177–2182, 2011 Erratum in: Am J Psychiatry 176(6):489, 2019
• Attia E, Steinglass JE, Walsh BT, et al: Olanzapine versus placebo in adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 176(6):449–456, 2019
• Auger N, Potter BJ, Ukah UV, et al: Anorexia nervosa and the long-term risk of mortality in women. World Psychiatry 20(3):448–449, 2021
• Avila JT, Golden NH, Aye T: Eating disorder screening in transgender youth. J Adolesc Health 65(6):815–817, 2019
• Bachar E, Latzer Y, Kreitler S, et al: Empirical comparison of two psychological therapies: self psychology and cognitive orientation in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia. J Psychother Pract Res 8(2):115–128, 1999
• Bahji A, Mazhar MN, Hudson CC, et al: Prevalence of substance use disorder comorbidity among individuals with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 273:58–66, 2019
• Bailer U, de Zwaan M, Leisch F, et al: Guided self-help versus cognitive-behavioral group therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 35(4):522–537, 2004
• Ball J, Mitchell P: A randomized controlled study of cognitive behavior therapy and behavioral family therapy for anorexia nervosa patients. Eat Disord 12(4):303–314, 2004
• Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, et al: GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 64(4):401–406, 2011
• Banasiak SJ, Paxton SJ, Hay P: Guided self-help for bulimia nervosa in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 35(9):1283–1294, 2005
• Bang L, Tamnes CK, Norbom LB, et al: Associations of age, body mass index and biochemical parameters with brain morphology in patients with anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 29(1):74–85, 2021
• Barakat S, Maguire S, Smith KE, et al: Evaluating the role of digital intervention design in treatment outcomes and adherence to eTherapy programs for eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 52(10):1077–1094, 2019
• Barbarich NC, McConaha CW, Halmi KA, et al: Use of nutritional supplements to increase the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 35(1):10–15, 2004
• Baudinet J, Eisler I, Dawson L, et al: Multi-family therapy for eating disorders: a systematic scoping review of the quantitative and qualitative findings. Int J Eat Disord 54(12):2095–2120, 2021
• Bauer S, Okon E, Meermann R, et al: Technology-enhanced maintenance of treatment gains in eating disorders: efficacy of an intervention delivered via text messaging. J Consult Clin Psychol 80(4):700–706, 2012
• Ben-Porath D, Duthu F, Luo T, et al: Dialectical behavioral therapy: an update and review of the existing treatment models adapted for adults with eating disorders. Eat Disord 28(2):101–121, 2020
• Berends T, Boonstra N, van Elburg A: Relapse in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Opin Psychiatry 31(6):445–455, 2018
• Beumont PJ, Russell JD, Touyz SW, et al: Intensive nutritional counselling in bulimia nervosa: a role for supplementation with fluoxetine? Aust N Z J Psychiatry 31(4):514–524, 1997
• Biney H, Astbury S, Haines A, et al: A novel ‘practical body image’ therapy for adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa: a randomised controlled trial. Eat Weight Disord 26(6):1825–1834, 2021
• Biney H, Giles E, Hutt M, et al: Self-esteem as a catalyst for change in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Eat Weight Disord 27(1):189–198, 2022
• Bissada H, Tasca GA, Barber AM, et al: Olanzapine in the treatment of low body weight and obsessive thinking in women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 165(10):1281–1288, 2008
• Blalock DV, Le Grange D, Johnson C, et al: Pilot assessment of a virtual intensive outpatient program for adults with eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 28(6):789–795, 2020
• Blissett J, Haycraft E: Parental eating disorder symptoms and observations of mealtime interactions with children. J Psychosom Res 70(4):368–371, 2011
• Bloch M, Ish-Shalom S, Greenman Y, et al: Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment effects on weight, bone density, bone metabolism and mood in women suffering from anorexia nervosa-a pilot study. Psychiatry Res 200(2–3):544–549, 2012
• Bohn K, Doll HA, Cooper Z, et al: The measurement of impairment due to eating disorder psychopathology. Behav Res Ther 46(10):1105–1110, 2008
• Botella J, Sepúlveda AR, Huang H, et al: A meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the SCOFF. Span J Psychol 16:E92, 2013
• Brambilla F, Garcia CS, Fassino S, et al: Olanzapine therapy in anorexia nervosa: psychobiological effects. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 22(4):197–204, 2007
• Brambilla F, Samek L, Company M, et al: Multivariate therapeutic approach to binge-eating disorder: combined nutritional, psychological and pharmacological treatment. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 24(6):312–317, 2009
• Braude MR, Con D, Clayton-Chubb D, et al: Acute medical stabilisation of adults with anorexia nervosa: experience of a defined interdisciplinary model of care. Intern Med J 50(1):77–85, 2020
• Brelet L, Flaudias V, Désert M, et al: Stigmatization toward people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder: a scoping review. Nutrients 13(8):2834, 2021
• Brennan MA, Whelton WJ, Sharpe D: Benefits of yoga in the treatment of eating disorders: results of a randomized controlled trial. Eat Disord 28(4):438–457, 2020
• Brewerton TD: The use and scoring of the Kids’ Eating Disorders Survey (KEDS). Eat Disord 9(1):71–74, 2001
• Brewerton TD, D’Agostino M: Adjunctive use of olanzapine in the treatment of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents in an eating disorders program. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 27(10):920–922, 2017
• Brewerton TD, Duncan AE: Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders by gender: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Eur Eat Disord Rev 24(6):536–540, 2016
• Bristow C, Meurer C, Simmonds J, et al: Anti-obesity public health messages and risk factors for disordered eating: a systematic review. Health Promot Int 35(6):1551–1569, 2020
• Brito JP, Domecq JP, Murad MH, et al: The Endocrine Society guidelines: when the confidence cart goes before the evidence horse. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(8):3246–3252, 2013
• Brown RF, Bartrop R, Birmingham CL: Immunological disturbance and infectious disease in anorexia nervosa: a review. Acta Neuropsychiatr 20(3):117–128, 2008
• Brownley KA, Von Holle A, Hamer RM, et al: A double-blind, randomized pilot trial of chromium picolinate for binge eating disorder: results of the Binge Eating and Chromium (BEACh) study. J Psychosom Res 75(1):36–42, 2013
• Bryant-Waugh R, Micali N, Cooke L, et al: Development of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, a multi-informant, semi-structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: a pilot study for ages 10–22. Int J Eat Disord 52(4):378–387, 2019
• Byford S, Barrett B, Roberts C, et al: Economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial for anorexia nervosa in adolescents. Br J Psychiatry 191:436–440, 2007
• Byrne S, Wade T, Hay P, et al: A randomised controlled trial of three psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 47(16):2823–2833, 2017
• Cachelin FM, Striegel-Moore RH: Help seeking and barriers to treatment in a community sample of Mexican American and European American women with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 39(2):154–161, 2006
• Cachelin FM, Gil-Rivas V, Palmer B, et al: Randomized controlled trial of a culturally adapted program for Latinas with binge eating. Psychol Serv 16(3):504–512, 2019
• Carrard I, Crépin C, Rouget P, et al: Randomised controlled trial of a guided self-help treatment on the internet for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther 49(8):482–491, 2011
• Carter FA, Jordan J, McIntosh VV, et al: The long-term efficacy of three psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa: a randomized, controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 44(7):647–654, 2011
• Carter JC, Fairburn CG: Cognitive-behavioral self-help for binge eating disorder: a controlled effectiveness study. J Consult Clin Psychol 66(4):616–623, 1998
• Carter JC, Olmsted MP, Kaplan AS, et al: Self-help for bulimia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 160(5):973–978, 2003
• Carter JC, McFarlane TL, Bewell C, et al: Maintenance treatment for anorexia nervosa: a comparison of cognitive behavior therapy and treatment as usual. Int J Eat Disord 42(3):202–207, 2009
• Carter JC, Kenny TE, Singleton C, et al: Dialectical behavior therapy self-help for binge-eating disorder: a randomized controlled study. Int J Eat Disord 53(3):451–460, 2020
• Cass K, McGuire C, Bjork I, et al: Medical complications of anorexia nervosa. Psychosomatics 61(6):625–631, 2020
• Castelnuovo G, Manzoni GM, Villa V, et al: Brief strategic therapy vs cognitive behavioral therapy for the inpatient and telephone-based outpatient treatment of binge eating disorder: the STRATOB randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 7:29–37, 2011
• Catalan Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Research: Clinical Practice Guideline for Eating Disorders (Clinical Practice Guideline in the NHS: CAHTA; No.2006/05-01). Madrid, Quality Plan for the National Health System of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Catalan Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Research, 2009
• Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research and Battelle Memorial Institute: Quality Indicator Measure Development, Implementation, Maintenance, and Retirement. Contract No 290–04–0020. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011
• Chao AM, Wadden TA, Faulconbridge LF, et al: Binge-eating disorder and the outcome of bariatric surgery in a prospective, observational study: two-year results. Obesity (Silver Spring) 24(11):2327–2333, 2016
• Chen E, Touyz SW, Beumont PJ, et al: Comparison of group and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 33(3):241–254, discussion 255–256, 2003
• Chen EY, Weissman JA, Zeffiro TA, et al: Family based therapy for young adults with anorexia nervosa restores weight. Int J Eat Disord 49(7):701–707, 2016
• Childress AC, Brewerton TD, Hodges EL, et al: The Kids’ Eating Disorders Survey (KEDS): a study of middle school students. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32(4):843–850, 1993
• Chung A, Vieira D, Donley T, et al: Adolescent peer influence on eating behaviors via social media: scoping review. J Med Internet Res 23(6):e19697, 2021
• Ciao AC, Accurso EC, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, et al: Family functioning in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 48(1):81–90, 2015
• Cierpka M, Grande T, Rudolf G, et al: The operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics system: clinical relevance, reliability and validity. Psychopathology 40(4):209–220, 2007
• Cipriani A, Zhou X, Del Giovane C, et al: Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 388(10047):881–890, 2016
• Claudino AM, de Oliveira IR, Appolinario JC, et al: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate plus cognitive-behavior therapy in binge-eating disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 68(9):1324–1332, 2007
• Cleary BS, Gaudiani JL, Mehler PS: Interpreting the complete blood count in anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord 18(2):132–139, 2010
• Cliffe C, Shetty H, Himmerich H, et al: Suicide attempts requiring hospitalization in patients with eating disorders: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Eat Disord 53(5):458–465, 2020
• Coelho JS, Suen J, Clark BA, et al: Eating disorder diagnoses and symptom presentation in transgender youth: a scoping review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21(11):107, 2019
• Coffino JA, Udo T, Grilo CM: Rates of help-seeking in US adults with lifetime DSM-5 eating disorders: prevalence across diagnoses and differences by sex and ethnicity/race. Mayo Clin Proc 94(8):1415–1426, 2019
• Coffino JA, Grilo CM, Udo T: Childhood food neglect and adverse experiences associated with DSM-5 eating disorders in U.S. national sample. J Psychiatr Res 127:75–79, 2020
• Compare A, Calugi S, Marchesini G, et al: Emotionally focused group therapy and dietary counseling in binge eating disorder: effect on eating disorder psychopathology and quality of life. Appetite 71:361–368, 2013a
• Compare A, Calugi S, Marchesini G, et al: Emotion-focused therapy and dietary counseling for obese patients with binge eating disorder: a propensity score-adjusted study. Psychother Psychosom 82(3):193–194, 2013b
• Cooper M, Guarda AS, Petterway F, et al: Change in normative eating self-efficacy is associated with six-month weight restoration following inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. Eat Behav 42:101518, 2021
• Cooper PJ, Steere J: A comparison of two psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa: implications for models of maintenance. Behav Res Ther 33(8):875–885, 1995
• Cooper Z, Fairburn CG: The evolution of “enhanced” cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders: learning from treatment nonresponse. Cognit Behav Pract 18(3):394–402, 2011
• Cope S, Zhang J, Saletan S, et al: A process for assessing the feasibility of a network meta-analysis: a case study of everolimus in combination with hormonal therapy versus chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. BMC Med 12:93, 2014
• Cotton MA, Ball C, Robinson P: Four simple questions can help screen for eating disorders. J Gen Intern Med 18(1):53–56, 2003
• Council of Medical Specialty Societies: Principles for the Development of Specialty Society Clinical Guidelines. Chicago, IL, Council of Medical Specialty Societies, 2012
• Court A, Mulder C, Kerr M, et al: Investigating the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of quetiapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in young people: a pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 44(15):1027–1034, 2010
• Couturier J, Isserlin L, Norris M, et al: Canadian practice guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders. J Eat Disord 8:4, 2020
• Crisp AH, Norton K, Gowers S, et al: A controlled study of the effect of therapies aimed at adolescent and family psychopathology in anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 159:325–333, 1991
• Crosby RD, Mitchell JE, Raymond N, et al: Survival analysis of response to group psychotherapy in bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 13(4):359–368, 1993
• Cucchi A, Ryan D, Konstantakopoulos G, et al: Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 46(7):1345–1358, 2016
• da Silva JSV, Seres DS, Sabino K, et al: ASPEN consensus recommendations for refeeding syndrome. .Nutr Clin Pract 35(2):178–195, 2020 Erratum in: Nutr Clin Pract 35(3):584–585, 2020
• Dahlenburg SC, Gleaves DH, Hutchinson AD: Anorexia nervosa and perfectionism: a meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 52(3):219–229, 2019
• Dalle Grave R, Calugi S: Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Adolescents With Eating Disorders. New York, Guilford, 2020
• Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Conti M, et al: Inpatient cognitive behaviour therapy for anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 82(6):390–398, 2013a
• Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Doll HA, et al: Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: an alternative to family therapy? Behav Res Ther 51(1):R9–R12, 2013b
• Dalle Grave R, Conti M, Sartirana M, et al: Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with eating disorders: a systematic review of current status and future perspectives. Ijedo 3:1–11, 2021
• Daniel SIF, Poulsen S, Lunn S: Client attachment in a randomized clinical trial of psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa: outcome moderation and change. Psychotherapy (Chic) 53(2):174–184, 2016
• Danish Health Authority: National Clinical Guideline for the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. København, Denmark, Danish Health Authority, October 2016a
• Danish Health Authority: National Clinical Guideline for the Treatment of Moderate and Severe Bulimia. København, Denmark, Danish Health Authority, March 2016b
• Dare C, Eisler I, Russell G, et al: The clinical and theoretical impact of a controlled trial of family therapy in anorexia nervosa. J Marital Fam Ther 16(1):39–57, 1990
• Dare C, Eisler I, Russell G, et al: Psychological therapies for adults with anorexia nervosa: randomised controlled trial of out-patient treatments. Br J Psychiatry 178:216–221, 2001
• Dastan B, Afshar Zanjani S, Froueddin Adl A, et al: The effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for treating women with obesity suffering from BED: a feasibility and pilot study. Clin Psychol 24:133–142, 2020
• Davis R, McVey G, Heinmaa M, et al: Sequencing of cognitive-behavioral treatments for bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 25(4):361–374, 1999
• Day AS, Yao CK, Costello SP, et al: Food-related quality of life in adults with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with restrictive eating behaviour, disease activity and surgery: a prospective multicentre observational study. J Hum Nutr Diet 35(1):234–244, 2022
• Day S, Bussey K, Trompeter N, et al: The impact of teasing and bullying victimization on disordered eating and body image disturbance among adolescents: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse 23(3):985–1006, 2022
• De Souza MJ, Nattiv A, Joy E, et al: 2014 Female Athlete Triad coalition consensus statement on treatment and return to play of the female athlete triad: 1st international conference held in San Francisco, California, May 2012 and 2nd international conference held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 2013. Br J Sports Med 48(4):289, 2014
• de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Crosby RD, et al: Short-term cognitive behavioral treatment does not improve outcome of a comprehensive very-low-calorie diet program in obese women with binge eating disorder. Behav Ther 36(1):89–99, 2005
• de Zwaan M, Herpertz S, Zipfel S, et al: Effect of internet-based guided self-help vs individual face-to-face treatment on full or subsyndromal binge eating disorder in overweight or obese patients: the INTERBED randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 74(10):987–995, 2017
• del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, et al: Does resistance training improve the functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 46(4):352–358, 2010
• Dempfle A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Timmesfeld N, et al: Predictors of the resumption of menses in adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 13:308, 2013
• Devlin MJ, Goldfein JA, Petkova E, et al: Cognitive behavioral therapy and fluoxetine as adjuncts to group behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder. Obes Res 13(6):1077–1088, 2005
• Devlin MJ, Goldfein JA, Petkova E, et al: Cognitive behavioral therapy and fluoxetine for binge eating disorder: two-year follow-up. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15(7):1702–1709, 2007
• Dimitropoulos G, Landers AL, Freeman V, et al: Open trial of family based treatment of anorexia nervosa for transition age youth. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27(1):50–61, 2018
• Dittmer N, Jacobi C, Voderholzer U: Compulsive exercise in eating disorders: proposal for a definition and a clinical assessment. J Eat Disord 6:42, 2018
• Divasta AD, Feldman HA, Giancaterino C, et al: The effect of gonadal and adrenal steroid therapy on skeletal health in adolescents and young women with anorexia nervosa. Metabolism 61(7):1010–1020, 2012
• DiVasta AD, Feldman HA, Beck TJ, et al: Does hormone replacement normalize bone geometry in adolescents with anorexia nervosa? J Bone Miner Res 29(1):151–157, 2014
• Djulbegovic B, Trikalinos TA, Roback J, et al: Impact of quality of evidence on the strength of recommendations: an empirical study. BMC Health Serv Res 9:120, 2009
• Dobinson A, Cooper M, Quesnel D: Safe Exercise at Every Stage (SEES) guideline—a clinical tool for treating and managing dysfunctional exercise in eating disorders. Safe Exercise at Every Stage, 2019. Available at: https://www.safeexerciseateverystage.com/access-sees-guidelines. Accessed January 17, 2022.
• Dobrescu SR, Dinkler L, Gillberg C, et al: Anorexia nervosa: 30-year outcome. Br J Psychiatry 216(2):97–104, 2020
• Drake R, Skinner J, Goldman HH: What explains the diffusion of treatments for mental illness? Am J Psychiatry 165(11):1385–1392, 2008
• Duffy ME, Calzo JP, Lopez E, et al: Measurement and construct validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short Form in a transgender and gender diverse community sample. Psychol Assess 33(5):459–463, 2021
• Dufresne L, Bussières E-L, Bédard A, et al: Personality traits in adolescents with eating disorder: a meta-analytic review. Int J Eat Disord 53(2):157–173, 2020
• Dumont E, Jansen A, Kroes D, et al: A new cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a day treatment setting: a clinical case series. Int J Eat Disord 52(4):447–458, 2019
• Duncan AE, Ziobrowski HN, Nicol G: The prevalence of past 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV eating disorders by BMI category in US men and women. Eur Eat Disord Rev 25(3):165–171, 2017
• Durand MA, King M: Specialist treatment versus self-help for bulimia nervosa: a randomised controlled trial in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 53(490):371–377, 2003
• Edakubo S, Fushimi K: Mortality and risk assessment for anorexia nervosa in acute-care hospitals: a nationwide administrative database analysis. BMC Psychiatry 20(1):19, 2020
• Eddy KT, Tabri N, Thomas JJ, et al: Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry 78(2):184–189, 2017
• Eddy KT, Harshman SG, Becker KR, et al: Radcliffe ARFID workgroup: toward operationalization of research diagnostic criteria and directions for the field. Int J Eat Disord 52(4):361–366, 2019
• Eichstadt M, Luzier J, Cho D, Weisenmuller C: Eating disorders in male athletes. Sports Health 12(4):327–333, 2020
• Eielsen HP, Vrabel K, Hoffart A, et al: The 17-year outcome of 62 adult patients with longstanding eating disorders: a prospective study. Int J Eat Disord 54(5):841–850, 2021
• Eisler I, Dare C, Russell GF, et al: Family and individual therapy in anorexia nervosa: a 5-year follow-up. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(11):1025–1030, 1997
• Eisler I, Dare C, Hodes M, et al: Family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa: the results of a controlled comparison of two family interventions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41(6):727–736, 2000
• Eisler I, Simic M, Russell GF, et al: A randomised controlled treatment trial of two forms of family therapy in adolescent anorexia nervosa: a five-year follow-up. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48(6):552–560, 2007
• Eisler I, Simic M, Hodsoll J, et al: A pragmatic randomised multi-centre trial of multifamily and single family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 16(1):422, 2016
• El Ghoch M, Gatti D, Calugi S, et al: The association between weight gain/restoration and bone mineral density in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Nutrients 8(12):769, 2016
• Eldredge KL, Stewart Agras W, Arnow B, et al: The effects of extending cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder among initial treatment nonresponders. Int J Eat Disord 21(4):347–352, 1997
• Emery RL, Yoon C, Mason SM, et al: Childhood maltreatment and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in adult men and women: findings from project EAT. Appetite 163:105224, 2021
• Fairburn CG: Overcoming Binge Eating. New York, Guilford, 1995
• Fairburn CG: Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders. New York, Guilford, 2008
• Fairburn CG: Overcoming Binge Eating: The Proven Program to Learn Why You Binge and How You Can Stop, 2nd Edition. New York, Guilford, 2013
• Fairburn CG, Jones R, Peveler RC, et al: Three psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa: a comparative trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48(5):463–469, 1991
• Fairburn CG, Jones R, Peveler RC, et al: Psychotherapy and bulimia nervosa: longer-term effects of interpersonal psychotherapy, behavior therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(6):419–428, 1993
• Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Shafran R: Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behav Res Ther 41(5):509–528, 2003
• Faje AT, Fazeli PK, Katzman DK, et al: Sclerostin levels and bone turnover markers in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescent girls. Bone 51(3):474–479, 2012
• Faje AT, Fazeli PK, Miller KK, et al: Fracture risk and areal bone mineral density in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 47(5):458–466, 2014
• Farag F, Sims A, Strudwick K, et al: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and autism spectrum disorder: clinical implications for assessment and management. Dev Med Child Neurol 64(2):176–182, 2022
• Fassino S, Leombruni P, Daga G, et al: Efficacy of citalopram in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 12(5):453–459, 2002
• Faust JP, Goldschmidt AB, Anderson KE, et al: Resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa during a course of family based treatment. J Eat Disord 1:12, 2013
• Favaro A, Caregaro L, Tenconi E, et al: Time trends in age at onset of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry 70(12):1715–1721, 2009
• Fazeli PK, Lawson EA, Prabhakaran R, et al: Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(11):4889–4897, 2010
• Fazeli PK, Wang IS, Miller KK, et al: Teriparatide increases bone formation and bone mineral density in adult women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(4):1322–1329, 2014
• Feillet F, Bocquet A, Briend A, et al: Nutritional risks of ARFID (avoidant restrictive food intake disorders) and related behavior. Arch Pediatr 26(7):437–441, 2019
• Feltner C, Peat C, Reddy S, et al: Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults: An Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Evidence Synthesis No. 212. AHRQ Publ No 21-05284-EF-1. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2021
• Fernandes-Taylor S, Harris AH: Comparing alternative specifications of quality measures: access to pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 42(1):102–107, 2012
• Fernández-Aranda F, Núñez A, Martínez C, et al: Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: a controlled study. Cyberpsychol Behav 12(1):37–41, 2009
• Fernandez-del-Valle M, Larumbe-Zabala E, Villaseñor-Montarroso A, et al: Resistance training enhances muscular performance in patients with anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 47(6):601–609, 2014
• Ferrell EL, Russin SE, Flint DD: Prevalence estimates of comorbid eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative synthesis. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 31(2):264–282, 2020
• Fichter MM, Krüger R, Rief W, et al: Fluvoxamine in prevention of relapse in bulimia nervosa: effects on eating-specific psychopathology. J Clin Psychopharmacol 16(1):9–18, 1996
• Fichter MM, Leibl C, Krüger R, et al: Effects of fluvoxamine on depression, anxiety, and other areas of general psychopathology in bulimia nervosa. Pharmacopsychiatry 30(3):85–92, 1997
• Fichter MM, Quadflieg N, Nisslmüller K, et al: Does internet-based prevention reduce the risk of relapse for anorexia nervosa? Behav Res Ther 50(3):180–190, 2012
• Fichter MM, Quadflieg N, Lindner S: Internet-based relapse prevention for anorexia nervosa: nine-month follow-up. J Eat Disord 1:23, 2013
• Fichter MM, Naab S, Voderholzer U, et al: Mortality in males as compared to females treated for an eating disorder: a large prospective controlled study. Eat Weight Disord 26(5):1627–1637, 2021
• Fink M, Simons M, Tomasino K, et al: When is patient behavior indicative of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) vs reasonable response to digestive disease? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(6):1241–1250, 2022
• Fisher MM, Rosen DS, Ornstein RM, et al: Characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: a “new disorder” in DSM-5. J Adolesc Health 55(1):49–52, 2014
• Fitzpatrick KK, Moye A, Hoste R, et al: Adolescent focused psychotherapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Contemp Psychother 40:31–39, 2010
• Flanagin A, Frey T, Christiansen SL, et al: Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals. JAMA 326(7):621–627, 2021
• Fluoxetine Bulimia Nervosa Collaborative Study Group: Fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(2):139–147, 1992
• Folke S, Daniel SI, Poulsen S, et al: Client attachment security predicts alliance in a randomized controlled trial of two psychotherapies for bulimia nervosa. Psychother Res 26(4):459–471, 2016
• Foran AM, O’Donnell AT, Muldoon OT: Stigma of eating disorders and recovery-related outcomes: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 28(4):385–397, 2020
• Forbush KT, Richardson JH, Bohrer BK: Clinicians’ practices regarding blind versus open weighing among patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 48(7):905–911, 2015
• Forrest LN, Grilo CM, Udo T: Suicide attempts among people with eating disorders and adverse childhood experiences: results from a nationally representative sample of adults. Int J Eat Disord 54(3):326–335, 2021
• Fortney JC, Unützer J, Wrenn G, et al: A tipping point for measurement-based care. Psychiatr Serv 68(2):179–188, 2017
• Franko DL, Tabri N, Keshaviah A, et al: Predictors of long-term recovery in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: data from a 22-year longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 96:183–188, 2018
• Fredericson M, Kussman A, Misra M, et al: The male athlete triad-a consensus statement from the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition Part II: diagnosis, treatment, and return-to-play. Clin J Sport Med 31(4):349–366, 2021
• Frederiksen TC, Christiansen MK, Østergaard PC, et al: The QTc interval and risk of cardiac events in bulimia nervosa: a long-term follow-up study. Int J Eat Disord 51(12):1331–1338, 2018a
• Frederiksen TC, Krogh Christiansen M, Charmoth Østergaard P, et al: QTc interval and risk of cardiac events in adults with anorexia nervosa: a long-term follow-up study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 11(8):e005995, 2018b
• Frederiksen TC, Krogh Christiansen M, Clausen L, et al: Early repolarization pattern in adult females with eating disorders. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 26(5):e12865, 2021
• Freeman CP, Barry F, Dunkeld-Turnbull J, et al: Controlled trial of psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 296(6621):521–525, 1988
• Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al: Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton Neurosci 161(1–2):46–48, 2011
• Freizinger M, Jhe G, Pluhar E, et al: Integrating family based treatment principles in the acute inpatient treatment of adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. Psychol Res Behav Manag 14:449–454, 2021
• Friederich H-C, Beate W, Zipfel S, et al: Anorexia Nervosa: Focal Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Göttingen, Germany, Hogrefe, 2019
• Frølich J, Winkler LA, Abrahamsen B, et al: Fractures in women with eating disorders: incidence, predictive factors, and the impact of disease remission: cohort study with background population controls. Int J Eat Disord 53(7):1080–1087, 2020
• Froreich FV, Ratcliffe SE, Vartanian LR: Blind versus open weighing from an eating disorder patient perspective. J Eat Disord 8:39, 2020
• Funk MC, Beach SR, Bostwick JR, et al: APA Resource Document: Resource Document on QTc Prolongation and Psychotropic Medications. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2018
• Fursland A, Watson HJ: Eating disorders: a hidden phenomenon in outpatient mental health? Int J Eat Disord 47(4):422–425, 2014
• Gabel K, Pinhas L, Eisler I, et al: The effect of multiple family therapy on weight gain in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: pilot data. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 23(3):196–199, 2014
• Galmiche M, Déchelotte P, Lambert G, et al: Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr 109(5):1402–1413, 2019
• Garber AK, Michihata N, Hetnal K, et al: A prospective examination of weight gain in hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa on a recommended refeeding protocol. J Adolesc Health 50(1):24–29, 2012
• Garber AK, Mauldin K, Michihata N, et al: Higher calorie diets increase rate of weight gain and shorten hospital stay in hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health 53(5):579–584, 2013
• Garber AK, Sawyer SM, Golden NH, et al: A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 49(3):293–310, 2016
• Garber AK, Cheng J, Accurso EC, et al: Weight loss and illness severity in adolescents with atypical anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 144(6):e20192339, 2019
• Garber AK, Cheng J, Accurso EC, et al: Short-term outcomes of the study of refeeding to optimize inpatient gains for patients with anorexia nervosa: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 175(1):19–27, 2021
• Garcia FD, Grigioni S, Chelali S, et al: Validation of the French version of SCOFF questionnaire for screening of eating disorders among adults. World J Biol Psychiatry 11(7):888–893, 2010
• Garcia-Campayo J, Sanz-Carrillo C, Ibañez JA, et al: Validation of the Spanish version of the SCOFF questionnaire for the screening of eating disorders in primary care. J Psychosom Res 59(2):51–55, 2005
• Garner DM, Vitousek KM, Pike KM: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa, in Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders, 2nd Edition. Edited by Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. New York, Guilford, 1997
• Garner DM, Anderson ML, Keiper CD, et al: Psychotropic medications in adult and adolescent eating disorders: clinical practice versus evidence-based recommendations. Eat Weight Disord 21(3):395–402, 2016
• Gaudiani JL, Sabel AL, Mascolo M, et al: Severe anorexia nervosa: outcomes from a medical stabilization unit. Int J Eat Disord 45(1):85–92, 2012
• Geist R, Heinmaa M, Stephens D, et al: Comparison of family therapy and family group psychoeducation in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 45(2):173–178, 2000
• Gendall KA, Bulik CM, Joyce PR, et al: Menstrual cycle irregularity in bulimia nervosa: associated factors and changes with treatment. J Psychosom Res 49(6):409–415, 2000
• George JB, Franko DL: Cultural issues in eating pathology and body image among children and adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 35(3):231–242, 2010
• Ghaderi A: Does individualization matter? A randomized trial of standardized (focused) versus individualized (broad) cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 44(2):273–288, 2006
• Gianini L, Liu Y, Wang Y, et al: Abnormal eating behavior in video-recorded meals in anorexia nervosa. Eat Behav 19:28–32, 2015
• Gibbings NK, Kurdyak PA, Colton PA, et al: Diabetic ketoacidosis and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders. Diabetes Care 44(8):1783–1787, 2021
• Gibson D, Workman C, Mehler PS: Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychiatr Clin North Am 42(2):263–274, 2019
• Gibson D, Watters A, Mehler PS: The intersect of gastrointestinal symptoms and malnutrition associated with anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: functional or pathophysiologic? A systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 54(6):1019–1054, 2021
• Giovinazzo S, Sukkar SG, Rosa GM, et al: Anorexia nervosa and heart disease: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 24(2):199–207, 2019
• Glasofer DR, Muratore AF, Attia E, et al: Predictors of illness course and health maintenance following inpatient treatment among patients with anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord 8(1):69, 2020
• Glisenti K, Strodl E, King R, et al: The feasibility of emotion-focused therapy for binge-eating disorder: a pilot randomised wait-list control trial. J Eat Disord 9(1):2, 2021
• Godart N, Berthoz S, Curt F, et al: A randomized controlled trial of adjunctive family therapy and treatment as usual following inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa adolescents. PLoS One 7(1):e28249, 2012
• Golay A, Laurent-Jaccard A, Habicht F, et al: Effect of orlistat in obese patients with binge eating disorder. Obes Res 13(10):1701–1708, 2005
• Goldberg HR, Katzman DK, Allen L, et al: The prevalence of children and adolescents at risk for avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in a pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 33(5):466–469, 2020
• Goldbloom DS, Olmsted MP: Pharmacotherapy of bulimia nervosa with fluoxetine: assessment of clinically significant attitudinal change. Am J Psychiatry 150(5):770–774, 1993
• Goldbloom DS, Olmsted M, Davis R, et al: A randomized controlled trial of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: short-term outcome. Behav Res Ther 35(9):803–811, 1997
• Golden NH, Jacobson MS, Schebendach J, et al: Resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151(1):16–21, 1997
• Golden NH, Lanzkowsky L, Schebendach J, et al: The effect of estrogen-progestin treatment on bone mineral density in anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 15(3):135–143, 2002
• Golden NH, Iglesias EA, Jacobson MS, et al: Alendronate for the treatment of osteopenia in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(6):3179–3185, 2005
• Golden NH, Jacobson MS, Sterling WM, et al: Treatment goal weight in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: use of BMI percentiles. Int J Eat Disord 41(4):301–306, 2008
• Golden NH, Keane-Miller C, Sainani KL, et al: Higher caloric intake in hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa is associated with reduced length of stay and no increased rate of refeeding syndrome. J Adolesc Health 53(5):573–578, 2013 Erratum in J Adolesc Health 54(1):116, 2014
• Golden NH, Abrams SA; Committee on Nutrition: Optimizing bone health in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 134(4):e1229–e1243, 2014
• Golden NH, Katzman DK, Sawyer SM, et al: Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine: medical management of restrictive eating disorders in adolescents and young adults. J Adolesc Health 56(1):121–125, 2015a
• Golden NH, Katzman DK, Sawyer SM, et al: Update on the medical management of eating disorders in adolescents. J Adolesc Health 56(4):370–375, 2015b
• Golden NH, Cheng J, Kapphahn CJ, et al: Higher-calorie refeeding in anorexia nervosa: 1-year outcomes from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 147(4):e2020037135, 2021
• Goldstein DJ, Wilson MG, Thompson VL, et al: Long-term fluoxetine treatment of bulimia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 166(5):660–666, 1995
• Goldstein DJ, Wilson MG, Ascroft RC, et al: Effectiveness of fluoxetine therapy in bulimia nervosa regardless of comorbid depression. Int J Eat Disord 25(1):19–27, 1999
• Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, et al: Effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on bone density in young women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(11):4935–4941, 2002
• Gordon CM, Zemel BS, Wren TA, et al: The determinants of peak bone mass. J Pediatr 180:261–269, 2017
• Gorin AA, Le Grange D, Stone AA: Effectiveness of spouse involvement in cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 33(4):421–433, 2003
• Gorrell S, Loeb KL, Le Grange D: Family based treatment of eating disorders: a narrative review. Psychiatr Clin North Am 42(2):193–204, 2019
• Gorwood P, Duriez P, Lengvenyte A, et al: Clinical insight in anorexia nervosa: associated and predictive factors. Psychiatry Res 281:112561, 2019
• Gowers S, Norton K, Halek C, et al: Outcome of outpatient psychotherapy in a random allocation treatment study of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 15(2):165–177, 1994
• Gowers SG, Clark A, Roberts C, et al: Clinical effectiveness of treatments for anorexia nervosa in adolescents: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 191:427–435, 2007
• Gowers SG, Clark AF, Roberts C, et al: A randomised controlled multicentre trial of treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa including assessment of cost-effectiveness and patient acceptability: the TOuCAN trial. Health Technol Assess 14(15):1–98, 2010
• Grammer AC, Vázquez MM, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, et al: Characterizing eating disorder diagnosis and related outcomes by sexual orientation and gender identity in a national sample of college students. Eat Behav 42:101528, 2021
• Grant JE, Valle S, Cavic E, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vortioxetine in the treatment of binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 52(7):786–794, 2019
• Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, et al: Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Q 82(4):581–629, 2004
• Grenon R, Schwartze D, Hammond N, et al: Group psychotherapy for eating disorders: a meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 50(9):997–1013, 2017
• Griffiths RA, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Channon-Little L: A controlled evaluation of hypnobehavioural treatment for bulimia nervosa: immediate pre-post treatment effects. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2(4):202–220, 1994
• Griffiths RA, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Channon-Little L: The short-term follow-up effects of hypnobehavioural and cognitive behavioural treatment for bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 4(1):12–31, 1996
• Grilo CM, Masheb RM: A randomized controlled comparison of guided self-help cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral weight loss for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther 43(11):1509–1525, 2005
• Grilo CM, Udo T: Examining the significance of age of onset in persons with lifetime anorexia nervosa: comparing child, adolescent, and emerging adult onsets in nationally representative U.S. study. Int J Eat Disord 54(9):1632–1640, 2021
• Grilo CM, White MA: Orlistat with behavioral weight loss for obesity with versus without binge eating disorder: randomized placebo-controlled trial at a community mental health center serving educationally and economically disadvantaged Latino/as. Behav Res Ther 51(3):167–175, 2013
• Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Salant SL: Cognitive behavioral therapy guided self-help and orlistat for the treatment of binge eating disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 57(10):1193–1201, 2005a
• Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Wilson GT: Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy and fluoxetine for the treatment of binge eating disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled comparison. Biol Psychiatry 57(3):301–309, 2005b
• Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Wilson GT, et al: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral weight loss, and sequential treatment for obese patients with binge-eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 79(5):675–685, 2011
• Grilo CM, Crosby RD, White MA: Spanish-language Eating Disorder Examination interview: factor structure in Latino/as. Eat Behav 13(4):410–413, 2012a
• Grilo CM, Crosby RD, Wilson GT, et al: 12-month follow-up of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 80(6):1108–1113, 2012b
• Grilo CM, White MA, Gueorguieva R, et al: Self-help for binge eating disorder in primary care: a randomized controlled trial with ethnically and racially diverse obese patients. Behav Res Ther 51(12):855–861, 2013
• Grilo CM, Masheb RM, White MA, et al: Treatment of binge eating disorder in racially and ethnically diverse obese patients in primary care: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of self-help and medication. Behav Res Ther 58:1–9, 2014
• Grilo CM, White MA, Ivezaj V, et al: Randomized controlled trial of behavioral weight loss and stepped care for binge-eating disorder: 12-month follow-up. Obesity (Silver Spring) 28(11):2116–2124, 2020a
• Grilo CM, White MA, Masheb RM, et al: Randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of adaptive “SMART” stepped-care treatment for adults with binge-eating disorder comorbid with obesity. Am Psychol 75(2):204–218, 2020b
• Grinspoon S, Thomas L, Miller K, et al: Changes in regional fat redistribution and the effects of estrogen during spontaneous weight gain in women with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 73(5):865–869, 2001
• Grinspoon S, Thomas L, Miller K, et al: Effects of recombinant human IGF-I and oral contraceptive administration on bone density in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(6):2883–2891, 2002
• Guarda AS, Wonderlich S, Kaye W, et al: A path to defining excellence in intensive treatment for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 51(9):1051–1055, 2018
• Guerdjikova AI, McElroy SL, Kotwal R, et al: High-dose escitalopram in the treatment of binge-eating disorder with obesity: a placebo-controlled monotherapy trial. Hum Psychopharmacol 23(1):1–11, 2008
• Guerdjikova AI, McElroy SL, Welge JA, et al: Lamotrigine in the treatment of binge-eating disorder with obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 24(3):150–158, 2009
• Guerdjikova AI, McElroy SL, Winstanley EL, et al: Duloxetine in the treatment of binge eating disorder with depressive disorders: a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 45(2):281–289, 2012
• Guerdjikova AI, Mori N, Blom TJ, et al: Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in binge eating disorder: a placebo controlled trial. Hum Psychopharmacol 31(5):382–391, 2016
• Guinhut M, Melchior JC, Godart N, et al: Extremely severe anorexia nervosa: hospital course of 354 adult patients in a clinical nutrition-eating disorders-unit. Clin Nutr 40(4):1954–1965, 2021
• Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, et al: Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an American College of Chest Physicians task force. Chest 129(1):174–181, 2006
• Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al: Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ 336(7652):1049–1051, 2008
• Guyatt G, Eikelboom JW, Akl EA, et al: A guide to GRADE guidelines for the readers of JTH. J Thromb Haemost 11(8):1603–1608, 2013
• Haas V, Kohn M, Körner T, et al: Practice-based evidence and clinical guidance to support accelerated re-nutrition of patients with anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 60(5):555–561, 2021
• Habibzadeh N, Daneshmandi H: The effects of exercise in obese women with bulimia nervosa. Asian J Sports Med 1(4):209–213, 2010
• Hackert AN, Kniskern MA, Beasley TM: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: revised 2020 standards of practice and standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists (competent, proficient, and expert) in eating disorders. J Acad Nutr Diet 120(11):1902–1919, 2020
• Hagman J, Gralla J, Sigel E, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone for the treatment of adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50(9):915–924, 2011
• Haines MS, Kimball A, Meenaghan E, et al: Sequential therapy with recombinant human igf-1 followed by risedronate increases spine bone mineral density in women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 36(11):2116–2126, 2021
• Hall A, Crisp AH: Brief psychotherapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: outcome at one year. Br J Psychiatry 151:185–191, 1987
• Hall R, Keeble L, Sünram-Lea SI, To M: A review of risk factors associated with insulin omission for weight loss in type 1 diabetes. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 26(3):606–616, 2021
• Halmi KA, Agras WS, Crow S, et al: Predictors of treatment acceptance and completion in anorexia nervosa: implications for future study designs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(7):776–781, 2005
• Halvorsen I, Reas DL, Nilsen JV, et al: Naturalistic outcome of family based inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 26(2):141–145, 2018
• Hamilton A, Mitchison D, Basten C, et al: Understanding treatment delay: perceived barriers preventing treatment-seeking for eating disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 56(3):248–259,, 2022
• Hanachi M, Dicembre M, Rives-Lange C, et al: Micronutrients deficiencies in 374 severely malnourished anorexia nervosa inpatients. Nutrients 11(4):792, 2019
• Hanachi M, Pleple A, Barry C, et al: Echocardiographic abnormalities in 124 severely malnourished adult anorexia nervosa patients: frequency and relationship with body composition and biological features. J Eat Disord 8(1):66, 2020
• Harrer M, Adam SH, Messner EM, et al: Prevention of eating disorders at universities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 53(6):813–833, 2020
• Harrop EN, Marlatt GA: The comorbidity of substance use disorders and eating disorders in women: prevalence, etiology, and treatment. Addict Behav 35(5):392–398, 2010
• Harrop EN, Mensinger JL, Moore M, et al: Restrictive eating disorders in higher weight persons: a systematic review of atypical anorexia nervosa prevalence and consecutive admission literature. Int J Eat Disord 54(8):1328–1357, 2021
• Hart LM, Wade T: Identifying research priorities in eating disorders: a Delphi study building consensus across clinicians, researchers, consumers, and carers in Australia. Int J Eat Disord 53(1):31–40, 2020
• Hart S, Abraham S, Franklin RC, et al: Hypoglycaemia following a mixed meal in eating disorder patients. Postgrad Med J 87(1028):405–409, 2011
• Haute Autorité de Santé: Clinical Practice Guidelines: Anorexia Nervosa: Management. Saint-Denis, France, 2010. Available at: https://www.has-sante.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2013-05/anorexia_ nervosa_guidelines_2013-05-15_16-34-42_589.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2021.
• Hay P, Chinn D, Forbes D, et al: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 48(11):977–1008, 2014
• Hazlehurst JM, Armstrong MJ, Sherlock M, et al: A comparative quality assessment of evidence-based clinical guidelines in endocrinology. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 78(2):183–190, 2013
• Hazzard VM, Bauer KW, Mukherjee B, et al: Associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States. Child Abuse Negl 98:104171, 2019
• Hazzard VM, Loth KA, Hooper L, et al: Food insecurity and eating disorders: a review of emerging evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 22(12):74, 2020
• Hedges DW, Reimherr FW, Hoopes SP, et al: Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 2: improvement in psychiatric measures. J Clin Psychiatry 64(12):1449–1454, 2003
• Hellner M, Bohon C, Kolander S, et al: Virtually delivered family based eating disorder treatment using an enhanced multidisciplinary care team: a case study. Clin Case Rep 9(6):e04173, 2021
• Hemmingsen SD, Wesselhoeft R, Lichtenstein MB, et al: Cognitive improvement following weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 29(3):402–426, 2021
• Herman BK, Deal LS, DiBenedetti DB, et al: Development of the 7-Item Binge-Eating Disorder Screener (BEDS-7). Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 18(2):10.4088/PCC.15m01896, 2016
• Herpertz S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Fichter M, et al: S3-leitlinie diagnostik und behandlung der essstörungen. German Society for Psychosomatic Medicine and Medical Psychotherapy, 2020. Available at: https://www.awmf.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Leitlinien/051_D-Ges_Psychosom_Med_u_aerztliche_ Psychotherapie/051-026e_S3_eating-disorders-diagnosis-treatment_2020-07.pdf. Accessed September 13, 2021.
• Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Schwarte R, Krei M, et al: Day-patient treatment after short inpatient care versus continued inpatient treatment in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (ANDI): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 383(9924):1222–1229, 2014
• Herscovici CR, Kovalskys I, Orellana L: An exploratory evaluation of the family meal intervention for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Fam Process 56(2):364–375, 2017
• Heruc G, Hart S, Stiles G, et al: ANZAED practice and training standards for dietitians providing eating disorder treatment. J Eat Disord 8(1):77, 2020
• Hetterich L, Mack I, Giel KE, et al: An update on gastrointestinal disturbances in eating disorders. Mol Cell Endocrinol 497:110318, 2019
• Hibbs R, Magill N, Goddard E, et al: Clinical effectiveness of a skills training intervention for caregivers in improving patient and caregiver health following in-patient treatment for severe anorexia nervosa: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open 1(1):56–66, 2015
• Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B: Body image interventions in cognitive-behavioural therapy of binge-eating disorder: a component analysis. Behav Res Ther 42(11):1325–1339, 2004
• Hilbert A, Bishop ME, Stein RI, et al: Long-term efficacy of psychological treatments for binge eating disorder. Br J Psychiatry 200(3):232–237, 2012
• Hilbert A, Hoek HW, Schmidt R: Evidence-based clinical guidelines for eating disorders: international comparison. Curr Opin Psychiatry 30(6):423–437, 2017
• Hilbert A, Petroff D, Herpertz S, et al: Meta-analysis of the efficacy of psychological and medical treatments for binge-eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 87(1):91–105, 2019
• Hildebrandt T, Michaelides A, Mackinnon D, et al: Randomized controlled trial comparing smartphone assisted versus traditional guided self-help for adults with binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 50(11):1313–1322, 2017
• Hill DM, Craighead LW, Safer DL: Appetite-focused dialectical behavior therapy for the treatment of binge eating with purging: a preliminary trial. Int J Eat Disord 44(3):249–261, 2011
• Himmerich H, Hotopf M, Shetty H, et al: Psychiatric comorbidity as a risk factor for mortality in people with anorexia nervosa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 269(3):351–359, 2019a
• Himmerich H, Hotopf M, Shetty H, et al: Psychiatric comorbidity as a risk factor for the mortality of people with bulimia nervosa. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 54(7):813–821, 2019b
• Hindley K, Fenton C, McIntosh J: A systematic review of enteral feeding by nasogastric tube in young people with eating disorders. J Eat Disord 9(1):90, 2021
• Hodsoll J, Rhind C, Micali N, et al: A pilot, multicentre pragmatic randomised trial to explore the impact of carer skills training on carer and patient behaviours: testing the cognitive interpersonal model in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 25(6):551–561, 2017
• Hooper L, Puhl R, Eisenberg ME, et al: Weight teasing experienced during adolescence and young adulthood: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with disordered eating behaviors in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample. Int J Eat Disord 54(8):1449–1462, 2021
• Hoopes SP, Reimherr FW, Hedges DW, et al: Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 1: improvement in binge and purge measures. J Clin Psychiatry 64(11):1335–1341, 2003
• Hornberger LL, Lane MA, Committee on Adolescence: Identification and management of eating disorders in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 147(1):e2020040279, 2021. Available at: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/147/1/e2020040279.full.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2021.
• Horne RL, Ferguson JM, Pope HG Jr, et al: Treatment of bulimia with bupropion: a multicenter controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 49(7):262–266, 1988
• Horvitz-Lennon M, Donohue JM, Domino ME, et al: Improving quality and diffusing best practices: the case of schizophrenia. Health Aff (Millwood) 28(3):701–712, 2009
• Hower H, Reilly EE, Wierenga CE, et al: Last word: a call to view temperamental traits as dual vulnerabilities and strengths in anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord 29(2):1–10, 2021
• Hsu LK, Clement L, Santhouse R, Ju ES: Treatment of bulimia nervosa with lithium carbonate: a controlled study. J Nerv Ment Dis 179(6):351–355, 1991
• Hsu LK, Rand W, Sullivan S, et al: Cognitive therapy, nutritional therapy and their combination in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med 31(5):871–879, 2001
• Hudson JI, McElroy SL, Raymond NC, et al: Fluvoxamine in the treatment of binge-eating disorder: a multicenter placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am J Psychiatry 155(12):1756–1762, 1998
• Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, et al: The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry 61(3):348–358, 2007
• Hudson JI, McElroy SL, Ferreira-Cornwell MC, et al: Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine in adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 74(9):903–910, 2017
• Huon GF: An initial validation of a self-help program for bulimia. Int J Eat Disord 4(4):573–588, 1985
• Huryk KM, Casasnovas AF, Feehan M, et al: Lower rates of readmission following integration of family based treatment in a higher level of care. Eat Disord 29(6):677–684, 2021
• Hütter G, Ganepola S, Hofmann WK: The hematology of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 42(4):293–300, 2009
• Imbierowicz K, Braks K, Jacoby GE, et al: High-caloric supplements in anorexia treatment. Int J Eat Disord 32(2):135–145, 2002
• Institute of Medicine: Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2006
• Institute of Medicine: Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2011a
• Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2011b
• Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America: Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2001
• International Association of Eating Disorders Professionals Foundation: The CEDRD in Eating Disorders Care. Pekin, IL, The International Association of Eating Disorders Professionals Foundation, 2017
• Iwajomo T, Bondy SJ, de Oliveira C, et al: Excess mortality associated with eating disorders: population-based cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 219(3):487–493, 2021
• Iyer SP, Spaeth-Rublee B, Pincus HA: Challenges in the operationalization of mental health quality measures: an assessment of alternatives. Psychiatr Serv 67(10):1057–1059, 2016
• Jacobi C, Dahme B, Dittmann R: Cognitive-behavioural, fluoxetine and combined treatment for bulimia nervosa: short- and long-term results. Eur Eat Disord Rev 10(3):179–198, 2002
• Jacobi C, Beintner I, Fittig E, et al: Web-based aftercare for women with bulimia nervosa following inpatient treatment: randomized controlled efficacy trial. J Med Internet Res 19(9):e321, 2017
• Jackson JB, Pietrabissa G, Rossi A, et al: Brief strategic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for women with binge eating disorder and comorbid obesity: a randomized clinical trial one-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol 86(8):688–701, 2018
• Jäger B, Liedtke R, Künsebeck HW, et al: Psychotherapy and bulimia nervosa: evaluation and long-term follow-up of two conflict-orientated treatment conditions. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93(4):268–278, 1996
• Jamieson A, Pelosi AJ: Use of denosumab in a patient with chronic anorexia nervosa and osteoporosis. Am J Med 129(2):e47, 2016
• Javaras KN, Pope HG, Lalonde JK, et al: Co-occurrence of binge eating disorder with psychiatric and medical disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 69(2):266–273, 2008
• Jenkins PE: Psychometric validation of the Clinical Impairment Assessment in a UK eating disorder service. Eat Behav 14(2):241–243, 2013
• Jenkins PE: Cost-of-illness for non-underweight binge-eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 27(4):1377–1384, 2022
• Johnson KB, Neuss MJ, Detmer DE: Electronic health records and clinician burnout: a story of three eras. J Am Med Inform Assoc 28(5):967–973, 2021
• Jones BA, Haycraft E, Bouman WP, et al: Risk factors for eating disorder psychopathology within the treatment seeking transgender population: the role of cross-sex hormone treatment. Eur Eat Disord Rev 26(2):120–128, 2018
• Juarascio AS, Parker MN, Hunt R, et al: Mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral treatment for bulimia-spectrum disorders: a pilot feasibility randomized trial. Int J Eat Disord 54(7):1270–1277, 2021
• Kafantaris V, Leigh E, Hertz S, et al: A placebo-controlled pilot study of adjunctive olanzapine for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 21(3):207–212, 2011
• Kambanis PE, Kuhnle MC, Wons OB, et al: Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with full and subthreshold avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord 53(2):256–265, 2020
• Kamody RC, Grilo CM, Udo T: Disparities in DSM-5 defined eating disorders by sexual orientation among U.S. adults. Int J Eat Disord 53(2):278–287, 2020
• Kanerva R, Rissanen A, Sarna S: Fluoxetine in the treatment of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and eating-related symptoms in bulimia nervosa. Nord J Psychiatry 49(4):237–242, 1995
• Karam AM, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Tanofsky-Kraff M, et al: Interpersonal psychotherapy and the treatment of eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 42(2):205–218, 2019
• Kask J, Ekselius L, Brandt L, et al: Mortality in women with anorexia nervosa: the role of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Psychosom Med 78(8):910–919, 2016
• Kask J, Ramklint M, Kolia N, et al: Anorexia nervosa in males: excess mortality and psychiatric co-morbidity in 609 Swedish in-patients. Psychol Med 47(8):1489–1499, 2017
• Katzman MA, Bara-Carril N, Rabe-Hesketh S, et al: A randomized controlled two-stage trial in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, comparing CBT versus motivational enhancement in Phase 1 followed by group versus individual CBT in Phase 2. Psychosom Med 72(7):656–663, 2010
• Katzman DK, Spettigue W, Agostino H, et al: Incidence and age- and sex-specific differences in the clinical presentation of children and adolescents with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. JAMA Pediatr 175(12):e213861, 2021
• Kaye WH, Nagata T, Weltzin TE, et al: Double-blind placebo-controlled administration of fluoxetine in restricting- and restricting-purging-type anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 49(7):644–652, 2001
• Kazdin AE, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Wilfley DE: Addressing critical gaps in the treatment of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 50(3):170–189, 2017
• Keel PK, Mitchell JE, Davis TL, Crow SJ: Long-term impact of treatment in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 31(2):151–158, 2002
• Keery H, LeMay-Russell S, Barnes TL, et al: Attributes of children and adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. J Eat Disord 7:31, 2019
• Keshishian AC, Tabri N, Becker KR, et al: Eating disorder recovery is associated with absence of major depressive disorder and substance use disorders at 22-year longitudinal follow-up. Compr Psychiatry 90:49–51, 2019
• Keski-Rahkonen A: Epidemiology of binge eating disorder: prevalence, course, comorbidity, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry 34(6):525–531, 2021
• Kesztyüs D, Lampl J, Kesztyüs T: The weight problem: overview of the most common concepts for body mass and fat distribution and critical consideration of their usefulness for risk assessment and practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(21):11070, 2021
• Keys A, Brozek J, Henshel A, et al: The Biology of Human Starvation, Vols 1–2. Minneapolis, MN, University of Minnesota Press, 1950
• Khosla S, Monroe DG: Regulation of bone metabolism by sex steroids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 8(1):a031211, 2018
• Kimber M, McTavish JR, Couturier J, et al: Consequences of child emotional abuse, emotional neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence for eating disorders: a systematic critical review. BMC Psychol 5(1):33, 2017
• Kinzig KP, Coughlin JW, Redgrave GW, et al: Insulin, glucose, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a test meal in restricting type anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292(5):E1441–E1446, 2007
• Klein AS, Skinner JB, Hawley KM: Targeting binge eating through components of dialectical behavior therapy: preliminary outcomes for individually supported diary card self-monitoring versus group-based DBT. Psychotherapy (Chic) 50(4):543–552, 2013
• Klibanski A, Biller BM, Schoenfeld DA, et al: The effects of estrogen administration on trabecular bone loss in young women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(3):898–904, 1995
• Kliem S, Schmidt R, Vogel M, et al: An 8-item short form of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire adapted for children (ChEDE-Q8). Int J Eat Disord 50(6):679–686, 2017
• Knatz Peck S, Towne T, Wierenga CE, et al: Temperament-based treatment for young adults with eating disorders: acceptability and initial efficacy of an intensive, multi-family, parent-involved treatment. J Eat Disord 9(1):110, 2021
• Konstantakopoulos G, Tchanturia K, Surguladze SA, et al: Insight in eating disorders: clinical and cognitive correlates. Psychol Med 41(9):1951–1961, 2011
• Konstantakopoulos G, Georgantopoulos G, Gonidakis F, et al: Development and validation of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight in Eating Disorders (SAI-ED). Psychiatry Res 292:113308, 2020
• Kostro K, Lerman JB, Attia E: The current status of suicide and self-injury in eating disorders: a narrative review. J Eat Disord 2:19, 2014
• Krahn DD, Rock C, Dechert RE, et al: Changes in resting energy expenditure and body composition in anorexia nervosa patients during refeeding. J Am Diet Assoc 93(4):434–438, 1993
• Krantz MJ, Blalock DV, Tanganyika K, et al: Is QTc-interval prolongation an inherent feature of eating disorders? A cohort Study. Am J Med 133(9):1088–1094, 2020
• Kristeller J, Wolever RQ, Sheets V: Mindfulness-based eating awareness training (mb-eat) for binge eating: a randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness 5(3):282–297, 2014
• Kröger C, Schweiger U, Sipos V, et al: Dialectical behaviour therapy and an added cognitive behavioural treatment module for eating disorders in women with borderline personality disorder and anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa who failed to respond to previous treatments: an open trial with a 15-month follow-up. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 41(4):381–388, 2010
• Krug I, Treasure J, Anderluh M, et al: Present and lifetime comorbidity of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eating disorders: a European multicenter study. Drug Alcohol Depend 97(1–2):169–179, 2008
• Kutz AM, Marsh AG, Gunderson CG, et al: Eating disorder screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics of the SCOFF. J Gen Intern Med 35(3):885–893, 2020
• Laederach-Hofmann K, Graf C, Horber F, et al: Imipramine and diet counseling with psychological support in the treatment of obese binge eaters: a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Int J Eat Disord 26(3):231–244, 1999
• Lammers MW, Vroling MS, Crosby RD, et al: Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for binge eating compared to cognitive behavior therapy in obese adults with binge eating disorder: a controlled study. J Eat Disord 8:27, 2020
• Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB: Men, muscles, and eating disorders: an overview of traditional and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Curr Psychiatry Rep 19(6):32, 2017
• Le Grange D: Family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychol 55(6):727–739, 1999
• Le Grange D, Gorin A, Dymek M, et al: Does ecological momentary assessment improve cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating disorder? A pilot study. Eur Eat Disord Rev 10(5):316–328, 2002
• Le Grange D, Crosby RD, Rathouz PJ, et al: A randomized controlled comparison of family based treatment and supportive psychotherapy for adolescent bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(9):1049–1056, 2007
• Le Grange D, Accurso EC, Lock J, et al: Early weight gain predicts outcome in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 47(2):124–129, 2014a
• Le Grange D, Lock J, Accurso EC, et al: Relapse from remission at two- to four-year follow-up in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 53(11):1162–1167, 2014b
• Le Grange D, Lock J, Agras WS, et al: Randomized clinical trial of family based treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent bulimia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(11):886–894, 2015
• Le Grange D, Hughes EK, Court A, et al: Randomized clinical trial of parent-focused treatment and family based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 55(8):683–692, 2016
• Le Grange D, Eckhardt S, Dalle Grave R, et al: Enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy and family based treatment for adolescents with an eating disorder: a non-randomized effectiveness trial. Psychol Med December 3, 2020 Epub ahead of print
• Lebow J, Sim LA, Kransdorf LN: Prevalence of a history of overweight and obesity in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. J Adolesc Health 56(1):19–24, 2015
• Lebwohl B, Haggård L, Emilsson L, et al: Psychiatric disorders in patients with a diagnosis of celiac disease during childhood from 1973 to 2016. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(10):2093–2101, 2021
• Lee DH, Keum N, Hu FB, et al: Development and validation of anthropometric prediction equations for lean body mass, fat mass and percent fat in adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006. Br J Nutr 118(10):858–866, 2017
• Legg NK, Turner BJ: Personality correlates of eating pathology severity and subtypes in The National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement. J Clin Psychol 77(1):189–210, 2021
• Leitenberg H, Rosen JC, Gross J, et al: Exposure plus response-prevention treatment of bulimia nervosa. J Consult Clin Psychol 56(4):535–541, 1988
• Leombruni P, Amianto F, Delsedime N, et al: Citalopram versus fluoxetine for the treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther 23(3):481–494, 2006
• Leombruni P, Pierò A, Lavagnino L, et al: A randomized, double-blind trial comparing sertraline and fluoxetine 6-month treatment in obese patients with binge eating disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32(6):1599–1605, 2008
• Levinson CA, Spoor SP, Keshishian AC, et al: Pilot outcomes from a multidisciplinary telehealth versus in-person intensive outpatient program for eating disorders during versus before the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Eat Disord 54(9):1672–1679, 2021
• Lewer M, Kosfelder J, Michalak J, et al: Effects of a cognitive-behavioral exposure-based body image therapy for overweight females with binge eating disorder: a pilot study. J Eat Disord 5:43, 2017
• Lexicomp: Lexicomp Database. Riverwoods IL, Wolters Kluwer Health, 2021
• Lichtenstein MB, Haastrup L, Johansen KK, et al: Validation of the eating disorder examination questionnaire in Danish eating disorder patients and athletes. J Clin Med 10(17):3976, 2021
• Lie SØ, Rø Ø, Bang L: Is bullying and teasing associated with eating disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 52(5):497–514, 2019
• Lie SØ, Bulik CM, Andreassen OA, et al: Stressful life events among individuals with a history of eating disorders: a case-control comparison. BMC Psychiatry 21(1):501, 2021a
• Lie SØ, Bulik CM, Andreassen OA, et al: The association between bullying and eating disorders: a case-control study. Int J Eat Disord 54(8):1405–1414, 2021b
• Lilenfeld LR, Wonderlich S, Riso LP, et al: Eating disorders and personality: a methodological and empirical review. Clin Psychol Rev 26(3):299–320, 2006
• Lin JA, Hartman-Munick SM, Kells MR, et al: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of adolescents/young adults seeking eating disorder-related care. J Adolesc Health 69(4):660–663, 2021
• Linardon J, Shatte A, Messer M, et al: E-mental health interventions for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 88(11):994–1007, 2020
• Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, et al: Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011–18: population based study. BMJ 372(365):n365, 2021
• Lock J, Le Grange D: Treatment Manual for Anorexia Nervosa: A Family Based Approach, 2nd Edition. New York, Guilford, 2013
• Lock J, Agras WS, Bryson S, et al: A comparison of short- and long-term family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44(7):632–639, 2005
• Lock J, Couturier J, Agras WS: Comparison of long-term outcomes in adolescents with anorexia nervosa treated with family therapy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45(6):666–672, 2006a
• Lock J, Couturier J, Bryson S, et al: Predictors of dropout and remission in family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa in a randomized clinical trial. Int J Eat Disord 39(8):639–647, 2006b
• Lock J, Le Grange D, Agras WS, et al: Randomized clinical trial comparing family based treatment with adolescent-focused individual therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67(10):1025–1032, 2010
• Lock J, Agras WS, Fitzpatrick KK, et al: Is outpatient cognitive remediation therapy feasible to use in randomized clinical trials for anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord 46(6):567–575, 2013
• Lock J, La Via MC; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Committee on Quality Issues: Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(5):412–425, 2015a
• Lock J, Le Grange D, Agras WS, et al: Can adaptive treatment improve outcomes in family based therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa? Feasibility and treatment effects of a multi-site treatment study. Behav Res Ther 73:90–95, 2015b
• Lock J, Agras WS, Bryson SW, et al: Does family based treatment reduce the need for hospitalization in adolescent anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord 49(9):891–894, 2016
• Lock J, Fitzpatrick KK, Agras WS, et al: Feasibility study combining art therapy or cognitive remediation therapy with family based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 26(1):62–68, 2018
• Lock J, Sadeh-Sharvit S, L’Insalata A: Feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial using family based treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord 52(6):746–751, 2019
• Lock J, Couturier J, Matheson BE, et al: Feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing family based treatment via videoconferencing and online guided self-help family based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 54(11):1998–2008, 2021
• Loeb KL, Wilson GT, Gilbert JS, et al: Guided and unguided self-help for binge eating. Behav Res Ther 38(3):259–272, 2000
• Lucas AR, Melton LJ 3rd, Crowson CS, et al: Long-term fracture risk among women with anorexia nervosa: a population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 74(10):972–977, 1999
• Lund BC, Hernandez ER, Yates WR, et al: Rate of inpatient weight restoration predicts outcome in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 42(4):301–305, 2009
• Lydecker JA, Grilo CM: Fathers and mothers with eating-disorder psychopathology: associations with child eating-disorder behaviors. J Psychosom Res 86:63–69, 2016
• Lydecker JA, Grilo CM: Psychiatric comorbidity as predictor and moderator of binge-eating disorder treatment outcomes: an analysis of aggregated randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med April 14, 2021 Epub ahead of print
• Madden S, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Wallis A, et al: A randomized controlled trial of in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa in medically unstable adolescents. Psychol Med 45(2):415–427, 2015
• Madowitz J, Matheson BE, Liang J: The relationship between eating disorders and sexual trauma. Eat Weight Disord 20(3):281–293, 2015
• Magill N, Rhind C, Hibbs R, et al: Two-year follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial examining the effect of adding a carer’s skill training intervention in inpatients with anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 24(2):122–130, 2016
• Maguen S, Hebenstreit C, Li Y, et al: Screen for Disordered Eating: improving the accuracy of eating disorder screening in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 50:20–25, 2018
• Mahr F, Billman M, Essayli JH, et al: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and hydroxyzine in the treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: rationale and evidence. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 32(2):117–121, 2021
• Makino M, Tsuboi K, Dennerstein L: Prevalence of eating disorders: a comparison of Western and non-Western countries. MedGenMed 6(3):49, 2004
• Maraldo TM, Fewell L, Vander Wal JS: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Clinical Impairment Assessment 3.0 (CIA) in a clinical eating disorder sample. Eat Behav 40:101469, 2021
• Mårild K, Størdal K, Bulik CM, et al: Celiac disease and anorexia nervosa: a nationwide study. Pediatrics 139(5):e20164367, 2017
• Marion M, Lacroix S, Caquard M, et al: Earlier diagnosis in anorexia nervosa: better watch growth charts! J Eat Disord 8:42, 2020
• Marques L, Alegria M, Becker AE, et al: Comparative prevalence, correlates of impairment, and service utilization for eating disorders across US ethnic groups: implications for reducing ethnic disparities in health care access for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 44(5):412–420, 2011
• Martín J, Padierna A, Unzurrunzaga A, et al: Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire. Appetite 91:20–27, 2015
• Masheb RM, Grilo CM, Rolls BJ: A randomized controlled trial for obesity and binge eating disorder: low-energy-density dietary counseling and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behav Res Ther 49(12):821–829, 2011
• Mason TB, Tackett AP, Smith CE, et al: Tobacco product use for weight control as an eating disorder behavior: recommendations for future clinical and public health research. Int J Eat Disord 55(3):313–317, 2021 34866222
• Matheson BE, Bohon C, Lock J: Family based treatment via videoconference: clinical recommendations for treatment providers during COVID-19 and beyond. Int J Eat Disord 53(7):1142–1154, 2020
• McCann UD, Agras WS: Successful treatment of nonpurging bulimia nervosa with desipramine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 147(11):1509–1513, 1990
• McElroy SL, Arnold LM, Shapira NA, et al: Topiramate in the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 160(2):255–261, 2003
• McElroy SL, Kotwal R, Guerdjikova AI, et al: Zonisamide in the treatment of binge eating disorder with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 67(12):1897–1906, 2006
• McElroy SL, Guerdjikova A, Kotwal R, et al: Atomoxetine in the treatment of binge-eating disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 68(3):390–398, 2007a
• McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Capece JA, et al: Topiramate for the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry 61(9):1039–1048, 2007b
• McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Winstanley EL, et al: Acamprosate in the treatment of binge eating disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 44(1):81–90, 2011
• McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Mori N, et al: Armodafinil in binge eating disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 30(4):209–215, 2015a
• McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Mitchell JE, et al: Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 72(3):235–246, 2015b
• McElroy SL, Hudson J, Ferreira-Cornwell MC, et al: Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for adults with moderate to severe binge eating disorder: results of two pivotal phase 3 randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology 41(5):1251–1260, 2016a
• McElroy SL, Mitchell JE, Wilfley D, et al: Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate effects on binge eating behaviour and obsessive-compulsive and impulsive features in adults with binge eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev 24(3):223–231, 2016b
• McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Gasior M, et al: Time course of the effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adults with binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 50(8):884–892, 2017
• McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT: Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Res Syn Meth 12(1):55–61, 2020
• McIntosh VV, Jordan J, Carter FA, et al: Three psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 162(4):741–747, 2005
• McIntosh VV, Jordan J, Luty SE, et al: Specialist supportive clinical management for anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 39(8):625–632, 2006
• McIntosh VVW, Jordan J, Carter JD, et al: Psychotherapy for transdiagnostic binge eating: a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy, appetite-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy, and schema therapy. Psychiatry Res 240:412–420, 2016
• Meurman JH, ten Cate JM: Pathogenesis and modifying factors of dental erosion. Eur J Oral Sci 104(2 Pt 2):199–206, 1996
• Michihata N, Matsui H, Fushimi K, et al: Comparison between enteral nutrition and intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with eating disorders: results from the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database. Eat Weight Disord 19(4):473–478, 2014
• Milano W, Petrella C, Sabatino C, et al: Treatment of bulimia nervosa with sertraline: a randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther 21(4):232–237, 2004
• Milano W, Petrella C, Capasso A: Treatment of bulimia nervosa with citalopram: a randomized controlled trial. Biomed Res 16(2):85–87, 2005
• Milano W, De Rosa M, Milano L, et al: A comparative study between three different SSRIs in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Curr Neurobiol 4(1–2):39–42, 2013
• Miller KK, Grinspoon SK, Ciampa J, et al: Medical findings in outpatients with anorexia nervosa. Arch Intern Med 165(5):561–566, 2005
• Miller KK, Meenaghan E, Lawson EA, et al: Effects of risedronate and low-dose transdermal testosterone on bone mineral density in women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(7):2081–2088, 2011
• Misra M, Klibanski A: Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2(7):581–592, 2014
• Misra M, Katzman DK, Cord J, et al: Bone metabolism in adolescent boys with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(8):3029–3036, 2008a
• Misra M, Prabhakaran R, Miller KK, et al: Weight gain and restoration of menses as predictors of bone mineral density change in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(4):1231–1237, 2008b
• Misra M, Katzman D, Miller KK, et al: Physiologic estrogen replacement increases bone density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. J Bone Miner Res 26(10):2430–2438, 2011
• Misra M, Katzman DK, Estella NM, et al: Impact of physiologic estrogen replacement on anxiety symptoms, body shape perception, and eating attitudes in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa: data from a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 74(8):e765–e771, 2013
• Misra M, Golden NH, Katzman DK: State of the art systematic review of bone disease in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 49(3):276–292, 2016
• Mitchell JE: Medical comorbidity and medical complications associated with binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 49(3):319–323, 2016
• Mitchell JE, Groat R: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of amitriptyline in bulimia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 4(4):186–193, 1984
• Mitchell JE, Pyle RL, Eckert ED, et al: A comparison study of antidepressants and structured intensive group psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47(2):149–157, 1990
• Mitchell JE, Pyle RL, Pomeroy C, et al: Cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy of bulimia nervosa: importance of logistical variables. Int J Eat Disord 14(3):277–287, 1993
• Mitchell JE, Fletcher L, Hanson K, et al: The relative efficacy of fluoxetine and manual-based self-help in the treatment of outpatients with bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(3):298–304, 2001
• Mitchell JE, Halmi K, Wilson GT, et al: A randomized secondary treatment study of women with bulimia nervosa who fail to respond to CBT. Int J Eat Disord 32(3):271–281, 2002
• Mitchell JE, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, et al: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa delivered via telemedicine versus face-to-face. Behav Res Ther 46(5):581–592, 2008
• Mitchell JE, Agras S, Crow S, et al: Stepped care and cognitive-behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa: randomised trial. Br J Psychiatry 198(5):391–397, 2011
• Modan-Moses D, Yaroslavsky A, Novikov I, et al: Stunting of growth as a major feature of anorexia nervosa in male adolescents. Pediatrics 111(2):270–276, 2003
• Modan-Moses D, Yaroslavsky A, Pinhas-Hamiel O, et al: Prospective longitudinal assessment of linear growth and adult height in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(1):e1–e10, 2021
• Molendijk ML, Hoek HW, Brewerton TD, et al: Childhood maltreatment and eating disorder pathology: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Psychol Med 47(8):1–15, 2017
• Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, et al: Validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in screening for eating disorders in community samples. Behav Res Ther 42(5):551–567, 2004
• Monge MC, Forman SF, McKenzie NM, et al: Use of psychopharmacologic medications in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders: analysis of data from the National Eating Disorder Quality Improvement Collaborative. J Adolesc Health 57(1):66–72, 2015
• Monteleone AM, Cascino G, Ruzzi V, et al: Multiple levels assessment of the RDoC “system for social process” in eating disorders: biological, emotional and cognitive responses to the Trier Social Stress Test. J Psychiatr Res 130:160–166, 2020
• Morgan JF, Reid F, Lacey JH: The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ 319(7223):1467–1468, 1999
• Mosekilde L, Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L: The pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in men. Drugs 73(1):15–29, 2013
• Mountford VA, Brown A, Bamford B, et al: BodyWise: evaluating a pilot body image group for patients with anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 23(1):62–67, 2015
• Munsch S, Biedert E, Meyer A, et al: A randomized comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral weight loss treatment for overweight individuals with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 40(2):102–113, 2007
• Munsch S, Meyer AH, Biedert E: Efficacy and predictors of long-term treatment success for cognitive-behavioral treatment and behavioral weight-loss-treatment in overweight individuals with binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther 50(12):775–785, 2012
• Murphy R, Straebler S, Basden S, et al: Interpersonal psychotherapy for eating disorders. Clin Psychol Psychother 19(2):150–158, 2012
• Murray HB, Rao FU, Baker C, et al: Prevalence and characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in pediatric neurogastroenterology patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 18(9):1995–2002, 2021
• Nagata JM, Golden NH, Leonard MB, et al: Assessment of sex differences in fracture risk among patients with anorexia nervosa: a population-based cohort study using the Health Improvement Network. J Bone Miner Res 32(5):1082–1089, 2017
• Nagata JM, Compte EJ, Cattle CJ, et al: Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among gender-expansive populations. J Eat Disord 8(1):74, 2020a
• Nagata JM, Ganson KT, Austin SB: Emerging trends in eating disorders among sexual and gender minorities. Curr Opin Psychiatry 33(6):562–567, 2020b
• Nagata JM, Murray SB, Compte EJ, et al: Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among transgender men and women. Eat Behav 37:101381, 2020c
• Nakahara T, Nagai N, Tanaka M, et al: The effects of bone therapy on tibial bone loss in young women with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 39(1):20–26, 2006
• National Guideline Alliance (UK): Eating Disorders: Recognition and Treatment. London, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK), 2020
• Nauta H, Hospers G, Jansen A: A comparison between a cognitive and a behavioral treatment for obese binge eaters and obese non-binge eaters. Behav Ther 31(3):441–461, 2000
• Nauta H, Hospers H, Jansen A: One-year follow-up effects of two obesity treatments on psychological well-being and weight. Br J Health Psychol 6(Pt 3):271–284, 2001
• Naveed A, Dang N, Gonzalez P, et al: E-cigarette dependence and weight-related attitudes/behaviors associated with eating disorders in adolescent girls. Front Psychiatry 12:713094, 2021
• Nazar BP, Bernardes C, Peachey G, et al: The risk of eating disorders comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 49(12):1045–1057, 2016
• Neiderman M, Zarody M, Tattersall M, et al: Enteric feeding in severe adolescent anorexia nervosa: a report of four cases. Int J Eat Disord 28(4):470–475, 2000
• Neumayr C, Voderholzer U, Tregarthen J, et al: Improving aftercare with technology for anorexia nervosa after intensive inpatient treatment: a pilot randomized controlled trial with a therapist-guided smartphone app. Int J Eat Disord 52(10):1191–1201, 2019
• Nevonen L, Broberg AG: A comparison of sequenced individual and group psychotherapy for patients with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 39(2):117–127, 2006
• Nickel C, Tritt K, Muehlbacher M, et al: Topiramate treatment in bulimia nervosa patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 38(4):295–300, 2005
• Nielsen S, Vilmar JW: What can we learn about eating disorder mortality from eating disorder diagnoses at initial assessment? A Danish nationwide register follow-up study using record linkage, encompassing 45 years (1970–2014). Psychiatry Res 303:114091, 2021
• Nikniaz Z, Beheshti S, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and odds of eating disorders in patients with celiac disease and vice-versa. Int J Eat Disord 54(9):1563–1574, 2021
• Norris ML, Robinson A, Obeid N, et al: Exploring avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in eating disordered patients: a descriptive study. Int J Eat Disord 47(5):495–499, 2014
• Norris ML, Harrison ME, Isserlin L, et al: Gastrointestinal complications associated with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 49(3):216–237, 2016
• Norris ML, Spettigue W, Hammond NG, et al: Building evidence for the use of descriptive subtypes in youth with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord 51(2):170–173, 2018
• Norris ML, Obeid N, Santos A, et al: Treatment needs and rates of mental health comorbidity in adolescent patients with ARFID. Front Psychiatry 12:680298, 2021
• Nourredine M, Jurek L, Auffret M, et al: Efficacy and safety of topiramate in binge eating disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Spectr 26(5):459–467, 2021
• Nowaskie DZ, Filipowicz AT, Choi Y, et al: Eating disorder symptomatology in transgender patients: differences across gender identity and gender affirmation. Int J Eat Disord 54(8):1493–1499, 2021
• Nyman-Carlsson E, Norring C, Engström I, et al: Individual cognitive behavioral therapy and combined family/individual therapy for young adults with anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Res 30(8):1011–1025, 2020
• Obarzanek E, Lesem MD, Jimerson DC: Resting metabolic rate of anorexia nervosa patients during weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 60(5):666–675, 1994
• Obeid N, McVey G, Seale E, et al: Cocreating research priorities for anorexia nervosa: the Canadian Eating Disorder Priority Setting Partnership. Int J Eat Disord 53(5):392–402, 2020
• O’Connor G, Nicholls D, Hudson L, et al: Refeeding low weight hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Nutr Clin Pract 31(5):681–689, 2016
• O’Connor C, McNamara N, O’Hara L, et al: How do people with eating disorders experience the stigma associated with their condition? A mixed-methods systematic review. J Ment Health 30(4):454–469, 2021
• OHSU Center for Diversity and Inclusion: Inclusive language guide. Oregon Health and Science University, February 2021. Available at: https://www.ohsu.edu/inclusive-language-guide. Accessed January 10, 2022.
• Olguin P, Fuentes M, Gabler G, et al: Medical comorbidity of binge eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 22(1):13–26, 2017
• Olivares JL, Vázquez M, Fleta J, et al: Cardiac findings in adolescents with anorexia nervosa at diagnosis and after weight restoration. Eur J Pediatr 164(6):383–386, 2005
• Oliveira SB: Why is avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder relevant to the pediatric gastroenterologist? JAMA Pediatr 175(5):455–457, 2021
• O’Reardon JP, Allison KC, Martino NS, et al: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 163(5):893–898, 2006
• O’Reardon JP, Groff KE, Stunkard AJ, et al: Night eating syndrome and results from the first placebo-controlled trial of treatment, with the SSRI medication, sertraline: implications for clinical practice. Progress in Neurotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology 3(1):241–257, 2008
• Otsu M, Hamura A, Ishikawa Y, et al: Factors affecting the dental erosion severity of patients with eating disorders. Biopsychosoc Med 8:25, 2014
• Otto AK, Jary JM, Sturza J, et al: Medical admissions among adolescents with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics 148(4):e2021052201, 2021
• Ozier AD, Henry BW, American Dietetic Association: Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition intervention in the treatment of eating disorders. J Am Diet Assoc 111(8):1236–1241, 2011
• Pacilio RM, Livingston RK, Gordon MR: The use of electroconvulsive therapy in eating disorders: a systematic literature review and case report. J ECT 35(4):272–278, 2019
• Padín PF, González-Rodríguez R, Verde-Diego C, et al: Social media and eating disorder psychopathology: a systematic review. Cyberpsychology (Brno) 15(3), 2021
• Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al: The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372(71):n71, 2021
• Painot D, Jotterand S, Kammer A, et al: Simultaneous nutritional cognitive-behavioural therapy in obese patients. Patient Educ Couns 42(1):47–52, 2001
• Patel MM, Brown JD, Croake S, et al: The current state of behavioral health quality measures: where are the gaps? Psychiatr Serv 66(8):865–871, 2015 [Abstract]
• Pearlstein T, Spurell E, Hohlstein LA, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluvoxamine in binge eating disorder: a high placebo response. Arch Women Ment Health 6(2):147–151, 2003
• Peebles R, Sieke EH: Medical complications of eating disorders in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 28(4):593–615, 2019
• Peebles R, Hardy KK, Wilson JL, et al: Are diagnostic criteria for eating disorders markers of medical severity? Pediatrics 125(5):e1193–e1201, 2010
• Peláez-Fernández MA, Javier Labrador F, Raich RM: Validation of eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q)—Spanish version—for screening eating disorders. Span J Psychol 15(2):817–824, 2012
• Pendleton VR, Goodrick GK, Poston WS, et al: Exercise augments the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of binge eating. Int J Eat Disord 31(2):172–184, 2002
• Perez M, Ohrt TK, Hoek HW: Prevalence and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanics/Latino Americans in the United States. Curr Opin Psychiatry 29(6):378–382, 2016
• Perry L, Morgan J, Reid F, et al: Screening for symptoms of eating disorders: reliability of the SCOFF screening tool with written compared to oral delivery. Int J Eat Disord 32(4):466–472, 2002
• Pesola GR, Avasarala J: Bupropion seizure proportion among new-onset generalized seizures and drug related seizures presenting to an emergency department. J Emerg Med 22(3):235–239, 2002
• Peters JE, Basnayake C, Hebbard GS, et al: Prevalence of disordered eating in adults with gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. Neurogastroenterol Motil 34(8):314278, 2022
• Peters K, Meule A, Voderholzer U, et al: Effects of interval-based inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa: an observational study. Brain Behav 11(11):e2362, 2021
• Peterson CB, Mitchell JE, Engbloom S, et al: Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of binge eating disorder: a comparison of therapist-led versus self-help formats. Int J Eat Disord 24(2):125–136, 1998
• Peterson CB, Mitchell JE, Engbloom S, et al: Self-help versus therapist-led group cognitive-behavioral treatment of binge eating disorder at follow-up. Int J Eat Disord 30(4):363–374, 2001
• Peterson CB, Mitchell JE, Crow SJ, et al: The efficacy of self-help group treatment and therapist-led group treatment for binge eating disorder. Am J Psychiatry 166(12):1347–1354, 2009
• Peterson CB, Engel SG, Crosby RD, et al: Comparing integrative cognitive-affective therapy and guided self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat binge-eating disorder using standard and naturalistic momentary outcome measures: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 53(9):1418–1427, 2020
• Pignatelli AM, Wampers M, Loriedo C, et al: Childhood neglect in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Dissociation 18(1):100–115, 2017
• Pike KM, Walsh BT, Vitousek K, et al: Cognitive behavior therapy in the posthospitalization treatment of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 160(11):2046–2049, 2003
• Pincus HA, Scholle SH, Spaeth-Rublee B, et al: Quality measures for mental health and substance use: gaps, opportunities, and challenges. Health Aff (Millwood) 35(6):1000–1008, 2016
• Pirotta S, Barillaro M, Brennan L, et al: Disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders in women in Australia with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Med 8(10):1682, 2019
• Plummer M: JAGS: Just Another Gibbs Sampler. JAGS, 2021. Available at: https://mcmc-jags.sourceforge.io. Accessed September 26, 2021.
• Poulsen S, Lunn S, Daniel SI, et al: A randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 171(1):109–116, 2014
• Pyle RL, Mitchell JE, Eckert ED, et al: Maintenance treatment and 6-month outcome for bulimic patients who respond to initial treatment. Am J Psychiatry 147(7):871–875, 1990
• Quadflieg N, Strobel C, Naab S, et al: Mortality in males treated for an eating disorder: a large prospective study. Int J Eat Disord 52(12):1365–1369, 2019
• Quesnel D, Cooper M, Dobinson A: Safe exercise at every stage: athlete (SEES-A): a guideline for managing exercise and return to sport in athletes with eating disorders. Safe Exercise at Every Stage, 2019. Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b6112bd365f028c9256b26d/t/5f17c005fd8f9a4a19f7d528/1595392150836/Safe+exercise+at+every+stage+-+Athlete.pdf. Accessed January 17, 2022.
• Quilty LC, Allen TA, Davis C, et al: A randomized comparison of long acting methylphenidate and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of binge eating disorder. Psychiatry Res 273:467–474, 2019
• Raj KS, Keane-Miller C, Golden NH: Hypomagnesemia in adolescents with eating disorders hospitalized for medical instability. Nutr Clin Pract 27(5):689–694, 2012
• Raj SR, Guzman JC, Harvey P, et al: Canadian Cardiovascular Society position statement on postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and related disorders of chronic orthostatic intolerance. Can J Cardiol 36(3):357–372, 2020
• Rastogi R, Sieke EH, Nahra A, et al: Return of menses in previously overweight patients with eating disorders. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 33(2):133–138, 2020
• Raykos B, Erceg-Hurn D, McEvoy P, et al: Evidence that the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) subscales should not be scored: bifactor modelling, reliability, and validity in clinical and community samples. Assessment 26(7):1260–1269, 2019
• Raykos BC, Erceg-Hurn DM, Hill J, et al: Positive outcomes from integrating telehealth into routine clinical practice for eating disorders during COVID-19. Int J Eat Disord 54(9):1689–1695, 2021
• R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2020. Available at: https://www.R-project.org. Accessed September 26, 2021.
• Redgrave GW, Coughlin JW, Schreyer CC, et al: Refeeding and weight restoration outcomes in anorexia nervosa: challenging current guidelines. Int J Eat Disord 48(7):866–873, 2015
• Redgrave GW, Schreyer CC, Coughlin JW, et al: Discharge body mass index, not illness chronicity, predicts 6-month weight outcome in patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. Front Psychiatry 12:641861, 2021
• Reeves RS, McPherson RS, Nichaman MZ, et al: Nutrient intake of obese female binge eaters. J Am Diet Assoc 101(2):209–215, 2001
• Resmark G, Herpertz S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, et al: Treatment of anorexia nervosa: new evidence-based guidelines. J Clin Med 8(2):153, 2019
• Ricca V, Mannucci E, Mezzani B, et al: Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine combined with individual cognitive-behaviour therapy in binge eating disorder: a one-year follow-up study. Psychother Psychosom 70(6):298–306, 2001
• Ricca V, Castellini G, Lo Sauro C, et al: Zonisamide combined with cognitive behavioral therapy in binge eating disorder: a one-year follow-up study. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 6(11):23–28, 2009
• Ricca V, Castellini G, Mannucci E, et al: Comparison of individual and group cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder: a randomized, three-year follow-up study. Appetite 55(3):656–665, 2010
• Ricciardelli LA, McCabe MP, Williams RJ, et al: The role of ethnicity and culture in body image and disordered eating among males. Clin Psychol Rev 27(5):582–606, 2007
• Richards IL, Subar A, Touyz S, et al: Augmentative approaches in family based treatment for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 26(2):92–111, 2018
• Richson BN, Johnson SN, Swanson TJ, et al: Predicting probable eating disorder case-status in men using the Clinical Impairment Assessment: evidence for a gender-specific threshold. Eat Behav 42:101541, 2021
• Richter F, Strauss B, Braehler E, et al: Screening disordered eating in a representative sample of the German population: usefulness and psychometric properties of the German SCOFF questionnaire. Eat Behav 25:81–88, 2017
• Riedlinger C, Schmidt G, Weiland A, et al: Which symptoms, complaints and complications of the gastrointestinal tract occur in patients with eating disorders? A systematic review and quantitative analysis. Front Psychiatry 11:195, 2020
• Rigaud D, Brondel L, Poupard AT, et al: A randomized trial on the efficacy of a 2-month tube feeding regimen in anorexia nervosa: a 1-year follow-up study. Clin Nutr 26(4):421–429, 2007a
• Rigaud D, Verges B, Colas-Linhart N, et al: Hormonal and psychological factors linked to the increased thermic effect of food in malnourished fasting anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(5):1623–1629, 2007b
• Rio A, Whelan K, Goff L, et al: Occurrence of refeeding syndrome in adults started on artificial nutrition support: prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 3(1):e002173, 2013
• Riquin E, Raynal A, Mattar L, et al: Is the severity of the clinical expression of anorexia nervosa influenced by an anxiety, depressive, or obsessive-compulsive comorbidity over a lifetime? Front Psychiatry 12:658416, 2021
• Robb AS, Silber TJ, Orrell-Valente JK, et al: Supplemental nocturnal nasogastric refeeding for better short-term outcome in hospitalized adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 159(8):1347–1353, 2002
• Robin AL, Siegel PT, Koepke T, et al: Family therapy versus individual therapy for adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. J Dev Behav Pediatr 15(2):111–116, 1994
• Robin AL, Siegel PT, Moye A: Family versus individual therapy for anorexia: impact on family conflict. Int J Eat Disord 17(4):313–322, 1995
• Robin AL, Siegel PT, Moye AW, et al: A controlled comparison of family versus individual therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38(12):1482–1489, 1999
• Robinson L, Aldridge V, Clark EM, et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between eating disorders and bone density. Osteoporos Int 27(6):1953–1966, 2016
• Robinson L, Aldridge VK, Clark EM, et al: Bone health in adult women with ED: a longitudinal community-based study. J Psychosom Res 116:115–122, 2019
• Robson J, Laborda T, Fitzgerald S, et al: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in diet-treated children with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 69(1):57–60, 2019
• Romano SJ, Halmi KA, Sarkar NP, et al: A placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in continued treatment of bulimia nervosa after successful acute fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 159(1):96–102, 2002
• Rosen E, Sabel AL, Brinton JT, et al: Liver dysfunction in patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 49(2):151–158, 2016
• Royal Colleges of Psychiatrists: College Report (CR189) on MARSIPAN: Management of Really Sick Patients with Anorexia Nervosa, 2nd Edition. London, Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2014. Available at: https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/better-mh-policy/college-reports/college-report-cr189.pdf?sfvrsn=6c2e7ada_2. Accessed August 18, 2021.
• Ruggiero GM, Laini V, Mauri MC, et al: A single blind comparison of amisulpride, fluoxetine and clomipramine in the treatment of restricting anorectics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 25(5):1049–1059, 2001
• Ruggiero GM, Mauri MC, Omboni AC, et al: Nutritional management of anorexic patients with and without fluoxetine: 1-year follow-up. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27(3):425–430, 2003
• Russell GF, Szmukler GI, Dare C, et al: An evaluation of family therapy in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44(12):1047–1056, 1987
• Russon J, Mensinger J, Herres J, et al: Identifying risk factors for disordered eating among female youth in primary care. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 50(5):727–737, 2019
• Sachs K, Mehler PS: Medical complications of bulimia nervosa and their treatments. Eat Weight Disord 21(1):13–18, 2016
• Sachs KV, Harnke B, Mehler PS, et al: Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 49(3):238–248, 2016
• Safer DL, Telch CF, Agras WS: Dialectical behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 158(4):632–634, 2001
• Safer DL, Robinson AH, Jo B: Outcome from a randomized controlled trial of group therapy for binge eating disorder: comparing dialectical behavior therapy adapted for binge eating to an active comparison group therapy. Behav Ther 41(1):106–120, 2010
• Safer DL, Adler S, Dalai SS, et al: A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of phentermine-topiramate ER in patients with binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 53(2):266–277, 2020
• Salerno L, Rhind C, Hibbs R, et al: A longitudinal examination of dyadic distress patterns following a skills intervention for carers of adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 25(12):1337–1347, 2016
• Santomauro DF, Melen S, Mitchison D, et al: The hidden burden of eating disorders: an extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 8(4):320–328, 2021
• Sawyer SM, Whitelaw M, Le Grange D, et al: Physical and psychological morbidity in adolescents with atypical anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 137(4):e20154080, 2016
• Schaefer LM, Steinglass JE: Reward learning through the lens of RDoC: a review of theory, assessment, and empirical findings in the eating disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 23(1):2, 2021
• Schaefer LM, Smith KE, Leonard R, et al: Identifying a male clinical cutoff on the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Int J Eat Disord 51(12):1357–1360, 2018
• Schaefer LM, Crosby RD, Machado PPP: A systematic review of instruments for the assessment of eating disorders among adults. Curr Opin Psychiatry 34(6):543–562, 2021
• Schag K, Rennhak SK, Leehr EJ, et al: IMPULS: impulsivity-focused group intervention to reduce binge eating episodes in patients with binge eating disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 88(3):141–153, 2019
• Schalla MA, Stengel A: Gastrointestinal alterations in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 27(5):447–461, 2019
• Schebendach JE, Golden NH, Jacobson MS, et al: The metabolic responses to starvation and refeeding in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 817:110–119, 1997
• Schebendach JE, Mayer LE, Devlin MJ, et al: Dietary energy density and diet variety as predictors of outcome in anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 87(4):810–816, 2008 Erratum in Am J Clin Nutr 96(1):222, 2012
• Schebendach JE, Mayer LE, Devlin MJ, et al: Food choice and diet variety in weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa. J Am Diet Assoc 111(5):732–736, 2011
• Schebendach JE, Mayer LE, Devlin MJ, et al: Dietary energy density and diet variety as risk factors for relapse in anorexia nervosa: a replication. Int J Eat Disord 45(1):79–84, 2012
• Schlup B, Munsch S, Meyer AH, et al: The efficacy of a short version of a cognitive-behavioral treatment followed by booster sessions for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther 47(7):628–635, 2009
• Schlup B, Meyer AH, Munsch S: A non-randomized direct comparison of cognitive-behavioral short- and long-term treatment for binge eating disorder. Obes Facts 3(4):261–266, 2010
• Schmidt U, Treasure J: Getting Better Bit(e) by Bit(e): A Treatment Manual for Sufferers of Bulimia Nervosa. Hove, East Sussex, UK, Psychology Press, 1997
• Schmidt U, Cooper PJ, Essers H, et al: Fluvoxamine and graded psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of short-term and long-term pharmacotherapy combined with a stepped care approach to psychotherapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 24(5):549–552, 2004
• Schmidt U, Lee S, Beecham J, et al: A randomized controlled trial of family therapy and cognitive behavior therapy guided self-care for adolescents with bulimia nervosa and related disorders. Am J Psychiatry 164(4):591–598, 2007
• Schmidt U, Oldershaw A, Jichi F, et al: Out-patient psychological therapies for adults with anorexia nervosa: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 201(5):392–399, 2012
• Schmidt U, Magill N, Renwick B, et al: The Maudsley Outpatient Study of Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa and Related Conditions (MOSAIC): comparison of the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) with specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) in outpatients with broadly defined anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 83(4):796–807, 2015
• Schmidt U, Ryan EG, Bartholdy S, et al: Two-year follow-up of the MOSAIC trial: a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing two psychological treatments in adult outpatients with broadly defined anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 49(8):793–800, 2016
• Schmidt R, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, et al: Macro- and micronutrient intake in children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Nutrients 13(2):400, 2021
• Schneider W, Klauer T, Freyberger HJ: Operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis in planning and evaluating the psychotherapeutic process. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 258(Suppl 5):86–91, 2008
• Schorr M, Miller KK: The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Endocrinol 13(3):174–186, 2017
• Scott CL, Haycraft E, Plateau CR: Teammate influences and relationship quality are associated with eating and exercise psychopathology in athletes. Appetite 143:104404, 2019
• Sharp WG, Stubbs KH, Adams H, et al: Intensive, manual-based intervention for pediatric feeding disorders: results from a randomized pilot trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 62(4):658–663, 2016
• Shilton T, Enoch-Levy A, Giron Y, et al: A retrospective case series of electroconvulsive therapy in the management of comorbid depression and anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 53(2):210–218, 2020
• Shim KS: Pubertal growth and epiphyseal fusion. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 20(1):8–12, 2015
• Shimshoni Y, Lebowitz ER: Childhood avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: review of treatments and a novel parent-based approach. J Cogn Psychother 34(3):200–224, 2020
• Shimshoni Y, Silverman WK, Lebowitz ER: SPACE-ARFID: a pilot trial of a novel parent-based treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord 53(10):1623–1635, 2020
• Singer W, Sletten DM, Opfer-Gehrking TL, et al: Postural tachycardia in children and adolescents: what is abnormal? J Pediatr 160(2):222–226, 2012
• Singhal V, Bose A, Slattery M, et al: Effect of transdermal estradiol and insulin-like growth factor-1 on bone endpoints of young women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(7):2021–2035, 2021
• Smith AR, Zuromski KL, Dodd DR: Eating disorders and suicidality: what we know, what we don’t know, and suggestions for future research. Curr Opin Psychol 22:63–67, 2018
• Smith KE, Mason TB, Murray SB, et al: Male clinical norms and sex differences on the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Int J Eat Disord 50(7):769–775, 2017
• Smythe J, Colebourn C, Prisco L, et al: Cardiac abnormalities identified with echocardiography in anorexia nervosa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 219(3):477–486, 2021
• Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine: Refeeding hypophosphatemia in hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a position statement of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. J Adolesc Health 55(3):455–457, 2014
• Solmi F, Hatch SL, Hotopf M, et al: Validation of the SCOFF questionnaire for eating disorders in a multiethnic general population sample. Int J Eat Disord 48(3):312–316, 2015
• Solmi M, Veronese N, Correll CU, et al: Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures among people with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 133(5):341–351, 2016
• Solmi M, Radua J, Stubbs B, et al: Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses. Br J Psychiatry 43(3):314–323, 2021
• Spettigue W, Norris ML, Santos A, et al: Treatment of children and adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: a case series examining the feasibility of family therapy and adjunctive treatments. J Eat Disord 6:20, 2018
• Spettigue W, Norris ML, Douziech I, et al: Feasibility of implementing a family based inpatient program for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a retrospective cohort study. Front Psychiatry 10:887, 2019
• Stefini A, Salzer S, Reich G, et al: Cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic therapy in female adolescents with bulimia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56(4):329–335, 2017
• Steinglass JE, Kaplan SC, Liu Y, et al: The (lack of) effect of alprazolam on eating behavior in anorexia nervosa: a preliminary report. Int J Eat Disord 47(8):901–904, 2014
• Steinhausen HC, Villumsen MD, Hørder K, et al: Comorbid mental disorders during long-term course in a nationwide cohort of patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 54(9):1608–1618, 2021
• Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ, et al: RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898, 2019
• Stewart C, Konstantellou A, Kassamali F, et al: Is this the “new normal”? A mixed method investigation of young person, parent and clinician experience of online eating disorder treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eat Disord 9(1):78, 2021
• Stice E, Onipede ZA, Marti CN: A meta-analytic review of trials that tested whether eating disorder prevention programs prevent eating disorder onset. Clin Psychol Rev 87:102046, 2021
• Stiles-Shields C, Touyz S, Hay P, et al: Therapeutic alliance in two treatments for adults with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 46(8):783–789, 2013
• Strandjord SE, Sieke EH, Richmond M, Rome ES: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: illness and hospital course in patients hospitalized for nutritional insufficiency. J Adolesc Health 57(6):673–678, 2015
• Strandjord SE, Sieke EH, Richmond M, et al: Medical stabilization of adolescents with nutritional insufficiency: a clinical care path. Eat Weight Disord 21(3):403–410, 2016
• Streatfeild J, Hickson J, Austin SB, et al: Social and economic cost of eating disorders in the United States: evidence to inform policy action. Int J Eat Disord 54(5):851–868, 2021
• Strokosch GR, Friedman AJ, Wu SC, Kamin M: Effects of an oral contraceptive (norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol) on bone mineral density in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Adolesc Health 39(6):819–827, 2006
• Sundgot-Borgen J, Torstveit MK: Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clin J Sport Med 14(1):25–32, 2004
• Sundgot-Borgen J, Rosenvinge JH, Bahr R, et al: The effect of exercise, cognitive therapy, and nutritional counseling in treating bulimia nervosa. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34(2):190–195, 2002
• Suter PM, Russell RM: Vitamin and trace mineral deficiency and excess, in Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th Edition. Edited by Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2018. Available at: https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1130&sectionid=63653455. Accessed February 27, 2021.
• Swenne I, Thurfjell B: Clinical onset and diagnosis of eating disorders in premenarcheal girls is preceded by inadequate weight gain and growth retardation. Acta Paediatr 92(10):1133–1137, 2003
• Sysko R, Glasofer DR, Hildebrandt T, et al: The eating disorder assessment for DSM-5 (EDA-5): development and validation of a structured interview for feeding and eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 48(5):452–463, 2015
• Szmukler GI, Young GP, Miller G, et al: A controlled trial of cisapride in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 17(4):347–357, 1995
• Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) prescribing information. Lexington, MA, Takeda Pharmaceutials America Inc, July 2021. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/ label/2021/021977s046,208510s003lbl.pdf.
• Tannous WK, Hay P, Girosi F, et al: The economic cost of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a population-based study. Psychol Med May 17, 2021
• Taquet M, Geddes JR, Luciano S, et al: Incidence and outcomes of eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Psychiatry 200(5):1–3, 2021
• Tasca GA, Ritchie K, Conrad G, et al: Attachment scales predict outcome in a randomized controlled trial of two group therapies for binge eating disorder: an aptitude by treatment interaction. Psychother Res 16(1):106–121, 2006
• Tasca GA, Balfour L, Presniak MD, et al: Outcomes of specific interpersonal problems for binge eating disorder: comparing group psychodynamic interpersonal psychotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy. Int J Group Psychother 62(2):197–218, 2012
• Tasca GA, Koszycki D, Brugnera A, et al: Testing a stepped care model for binge-eating disorder: a two-step randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 49(4):598–606, 2019
• Tatham M, Turner H, Mountford VA, et al: Development, psychometric properties and preliminary clinical validation of a brief, session-by-session measure of eating disorder cognitions and behaviors: the ED-15. Int J Eat Disord 48(7):1005–1015, 2015
• Taylor JY, Caldwell CH, Baser RE, et al: Prevalence of eating disorders among Blacks in the National Survey of American Life. Int J Eat Disord 40(Suppl):S10–S14, 2007
• Telch CF, Agras WS, Rossiter EM, et al: Group cognitive-behavioral treatment for the nonpurging bulimic: an initial evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 58(5):629–635, 1990
• Telch CF, Agras WS, Linehan MM: Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 69(6):1061–1065, 2001
• Thackwray DE, Smith MC, Bodfish JW, et al: A comparison of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for bulimia nervosa. J Consult Clin Psychol 61(4):639–645, 1993
• Thannickal A, Brutocao C, Alsawas M, et al: Eating, sleeping and sexual function disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 92(4):338–349, 2020
• Thiels C, Schmidt U, Treasure J, et al: Guided self-change for bulimia nervosa incorporating use of a self-care manual. Am J Psychiatry 155(7):947–953, 1998
• Thiels C, Schmidt U, Troop N, et al: Binge frequency predicts outcome in guided self-care treatment of bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 8(4):272–278, 2000
• Thiels C, Schmidt U, Treasure J, et al: Four-year follow-up of guided self-change for bulimia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 8(3):212–217, 2003
• Thomas JJ, Becker KR, Kuhnle MC, et al: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: feasibility, acceptability, and proof-of-concept for children and adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 53(10):1636–1646, 2020
• Thomas JJ, Becker KR, Breithaupt L, et al: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. J Behav Cogn Ther 31(1):47–55, 2021
• Thompson-Brenner H, Shingleton RM, Thompson DR, et al: Focused vs. broad enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa with comorbid borderline personality: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 49(1):36–49, 2016
• Tinsley GM, Smith-Ryan AE, Kim Y, et al: Fat-free mass characteristics vary based on sex, race, and weight status in US adults. Nutr Res 81:58–70, 2020
• Tith RM, Paradis G, Potter BJ, et al: Association of bulimia nervosa with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among women. JAMA Psychiatry 77(1):44–51, 2020
• Toni G, Berioli MG, Cerquiglini L, et al: Eating disorders and disordered eating symptoms in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Nutrients 9(8):906, 2017
• Toulany A, Kurdyak P, Guttmann A, et al: Acute care visits for eating disorders among children and adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adolesc Health 70(1):42–47, 2022
• Touyz S, Le Grange D, Lacey H, et al: Treating severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 43(12):2501–2511, 2013
• Traboulsi S, Itani L, Tannir H, et al: Is body fat percentage a good predictor of menstrual recovery in females with anorexia nervosa after weight restoration? A systematic review and exploratory and selective meta-analysis. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 26(2):e25–e37, 2019
• Treasure J, Schmidt U, Troop N, et al: First step in managing bulimia nervosa: controlled trial of therapeutic manual. BMJ 308(6930):686–689, 1994
• Treasure J, Todd G, Brolly M, et al: A pilot study of a randomised trial of cognitive analytical therapy vs educational behavioral therapy for adult anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 33(4):363–367, 1995
• Treasure J, Smith G, Crane A: Skills-Based Learning for Caring for a Loved One With an Eating Disorder: The New Maudsley Method. New York, Routledge, 2007
• Udo T, Grilo CM: Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5-defined eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Biol Psychiatry 84(5):345–354, 2018
• Udo T, Grilo CM: Psychiatric and medical correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Int J Eat Disord 52(1):42–50, 2019
• Udo T, Bitley S, Grilo CM: Suicide attempts in US adults with lifetime DSM-5 eating disorders. BMC Med 17(1):120, 2019
• Uniacke B, Glasofer D, Devlin M, et al: Predictors of eating-related psychopathology in transgender and gender nonbinary individuals. Eat Behav 42:101527, 2021
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Suicidality in children and adolescents being treated with antidepressant medications. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, February 2018. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications. Accessed August 15, 2021.
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults: Screening. Rockville, MD, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2022
• van Dulmen SA, Lukersmith S, Muxlow J, et al: Supporting a person-centred approach in clinical guidelines: a position paper of the Allied Health Community Guidelines International Network (G-I-N). Health Expect 18(5):1543–1558, 2015
• van Furth EF, van der Meer A, Cowan K: Top 10 research priorities for eating disorders. Lancet Psychiatry 3(8):706–707, 2016
• van Hoeken D, Hoek HW: Review of the burden of eating disorders: mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden. Curr Opin Psychiatry 33(6):521–527, 2020
• Van Wymelbeke V, Brondel L, Marcel Brun J, et al: Factors associated with the increase in resting energy expenditure during refeeding in malnourished anorexia nervosa patients. Am J Clin Nutr 80(6):1469–1477, 2004
• Vander Wal JS, Gang CH, Griffing GT, et al: Escitalopram for treatment of night eating syndrome: a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32(3):341–345, 2012
• Vestergaard P, Emborg C, Støving RK, et al: Patients with eating disorders: a high-risk group for fractures. Orthop Nurs 22(5):325–331, 2003
• Volkert VM, Burrell L, Berry RC, et al: Intensive multidisciplinary feeding intervention for patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder associated with severe food selectivity: an electronic health record review. Int J Eat Disord 54(11):1978–1988, 2021
• Wadden TA, Faulconbridge LF, Jones-Corneille LR, et al: Binge eating disorder and the outcome of bariatric surgery at one year: a prospective, observational study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19(6):1220–1228, 2011
• Wade TD, Allen K, Crosby RD, et al: Outpatient therapy for adult anorexia nervosa: early weight gain trajectories and outcome. Eur Eat Disord Rev 29(3):472–481, 2021
• Wagner G, Penelo E, Wanner C, et al: Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy v. conventional guided self-help for bulimia nervosa: long-term evaluation of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 202:135–141, 2013
• Wagner B, Nagl M, Dölemeyer R, et al: Randomized controlled trial of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment program for binge-eating disorder. Behav Ther 47(4):500–514, 2016
• Wagner AF, Lane-Loney SE, Essayli JH: Patient perceptions of blind and open weighing in treatment for eating disorders. Eat Disord 30(2):230–238, 2022
• Walker DC, Heiss S, Donahue JM, et al: Practitioners’ perspectives on ethical issues within the treatment of eating disorders: results from a concept mapping study. Int J Eat Disord 53(12):1941–1951, 2020
• Waller G, Pugh M, Mulkens S, et al: Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the time of coronavirus: clinician tips for working with eating disorders via telehealth when face-to-face meetings are not possible. Int J Eat Disord 53(7):1132–1141, 2020
• Wallin U, Holmer R: Long-term outcome of adolescent anorexia nervosa: family treatment apartments compared with child psychiatric inpatient treatment. Front Psychiatry 12:640622, 2021
• Wallin U, Kronovall P, Majewski ML: Body awareness therapy in teenage anorexia nervosa: outcome after 2 years. Eur Eat Disord Rev 8(1):19–30, 2000
• Walsh BT, Stewart JW, Roose SP, et al: Treatment of bulimia with phenelzine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41(11):1105–1109, 1984
• Walsh BT, Stewart JW, Roose SP, et al: A double-blind trial of phenelzine in bulimia. J Psychiatr Res 19(2–3):485–489, 1985
• Walsh BT, Gladis M, Roose SP, et al: Phenelzine vs placebo in 50 patients with bulimia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45(5):471–475, 1988
• Walsh BT, Wilson GT, Loeb KL, et al: Medication and psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 154(4):523–531, 1997
• Walsh BT, Agras WS, Devlin MJ, et al: Fluoxetine for bulimia nervosa following poor response to psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatry 157(8):1332–1334, 2000
• Walsh BT, Kaplan Allan S, Attia E, et al: Fluoxetine after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial..JAMA 295(22):2605–2612, 2006 . Erratum in JAMA 296(8):934, 2006
• Wang Z, Whiteside SPH, Sim L, et al: Comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for childhood anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 17111:1049–1056, 2017 . Erratum in JAMA Pediatr 17210:992, 2018
• Ward A, Ramsay R, Russell G, et al: Follow-up mortality study of compulsorily treated patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 48(7):860–865, 2015
• Ward ZJ, Rodriguez P, Wright DR, et al: Estimation of eating disorders prevalence by age and associations with mortality in a simulated nationally representative US cohort. JAMA Netw Open 2(10):e1912925, 2019
• Wasil AR, Patel R, Cho JY, et al: Smartphone apps for eating disorders: a systematic review of evidence-based content and application of user-adjusted analyses. Int J Eat Disord 54(5):690–700, 2021
• Watkins K, Horvitz-Lennon M, Caldarone LB, et al: Developing medical record-based performance indicators to measure the quality of mental healthcare. J Healthc Qual 33(1):49–66, quiz 66–67, 2011
• Watkins KE, Farmer CM, De Vries D, et al: The Affordable Care Act: an opportunity for improving care for substance use disorders? Psychiatr Serv 66(3):310–312, 2015
• Watkins KE, Smith B, Akincigil A, et al: The quality of medication treatment for mental disorders in the Department of Veterans Affairs and in private-sector plans. Psychiatr Serv 67(4):391–396, 2016
• Watson HJ, Joyce T, French E, et al: Prevention of eating disorders: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord 49(9):833–862, 2016
• Watson HJ, Levine MD, Zerwas SC, et al: Predictors of dropout in face-to-face and internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa in a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord 50(5):569–577, 2017
• Waxman SE: A systematic review of impulsivity in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 17(6):408–425, 2009
• Weinsier RL, Krumdieck CL: Death resulting from overzealous total parenteral nutrition: the refeeding syndrome revisited. Am J Clin Nutr 34(3):393–399, 1981
• West M, McMaster CM, Staudacher HM, et al: Gastrointestinal symptoms following treatment for anorexia nervosa: a systematic literature review. Int J Eat Disord 54(6):936–951, 2021
• Westmoreland P, Krantz MJ, Mehler PS: Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Am J Med 129(1):30–37, 2016
• White MA, Grilo CM: Bupropion for overweight women with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 74(4):400–406, 2013
• Whitelaw M, Gilbertson H, Lee KJ, et al: Restrictive eating disorders among adolescent inpatients. Pediatrics 134(3):e758–e764, 2014
• Whitelaw M, Lee KJ, Gilbertson H, et al: Predictors of complications in anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa: degree of underweight or extent and recency of weight loss? J Adolesc Health 63(6):717–723, 2018
• Wild B, Friederich HC, Gross G, et al: The ANTOP study: focal psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and treatment-as-usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. Trials 10:23, 2009
• Wildes JE, Marcus MD: Application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to eating disorders: emerging concepts and research. Curr Psychiatry Rep 17(5):30, 2015
• Wilfley DE, Agras WS, Telch CF, et al: Group cognitive-behavioral therapy and group interpersonal psychotherapy for the nonpurging bulimic individual: a controlled comparison. J Consult Clin Psychol 61(2):296–305, 1993
• Wilfley DE, Welch RR, Stein RI, et al: A randomized comparison of group cognitive-behavioral therapy and group interpersonal psychotherapy for the treatment of overweight individuals with binge-eating disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59(8):713–721, 2002
• Wilson GT, Loeb KL, Walsh BT, et al: Psychological versus pharmacological treatments of bulimia nervosa: predictors and processes of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 67(4):451–459, 1999
• Wilson GT, Fairburn CC, Agras WS, et al: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: time course and mechanisms of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 70(2):267–274, 2002
• Wilson GT, Wilfley DE, Agras WS, et al: Psychological treatments of binge eating disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67(1):94–101, 2010
• Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB, Crosby RD, et al: A randomized controlled comparison of integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT) and enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med 44(3):543–553, 2014 . Erratum in Psychol Med 44(11):2462–2463, 2014
• Woosley RL, Heise CW, Gallo T, et al: QTdrugs list. Available at: https://www.crediblemeds.org. Accessed January 8, 2022.
• Workman C, Blalock DV, Mehler PS: Bone density status in a large population of patients with anorexia nervosa. Bone 131:115161, 2020
• Wu J, Liu J, Li S, et al: Trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of eating disorders from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 29:e191, 2020
• Wyssen A, Meyer AH, Messerli-Bürgy N, et al: BED-online: acceptance and efficacy of an internet-based treatment for binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial including waitlist conditions. Eur Eat Disord Rev 29(6):937–954, 2021
• Yager J, Devlin MJ, Halmi KA, et al: Guideline Watch (August 2012): Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders, 3rd Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2012
• Yelencich E, Truong E, Widaman AM, et al: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(6):1282.e1–1289.e1, 2022
• Yoon C, Mason SM, Hooper L, et al: Disordered eating behaviors and 15-year trajectories in body mass index: findings from Project Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults (EAT). J Adolesc Health 66(2):181–188, 2020
• Young V, Eiser C, Johnson B, et al: Eating problems in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diabet Med 30(2):189–198, 2013
• Yu J, Stewart Agras W, Halmi KA, et al: A 1-year follow-up of a multi-center treatment trial of adults with anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 16(3):e177–e181, 2011
• Yule S, Wanik J, Holm EM, et al: Nutritional deficiency disease secondary to ARFID symptoms associated with autism and the broad autism phenotype: a qualitative systematic review of case reports and case series. J Acad Nutr Diet 121(3):467–492, 2021
• Zeeck A, Weber S, Sandholz A, et al: Inpatient versus day clinic treatment for bulimia nervosa: a randomized trial. Psychother Psychosom 78(3):152–160, 2009a
• Zeeck A, Weber S, Sandholz A, et al: Inpatient versus day treatment for bulimia nervosa: results of a one-year follow-up. Psychother Psychosom 78(5):317–319, 2009b
• Zeeck A, Hartmann A, Wild B, et al: How do patients with anorexia nervosa “process” psychotherapy between sessions? A comparison of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic interventions. Psychother Res 28(6):873–886, 2018
• Zerwas SC, Watson HJ, Hofmeier SM, et al: CBT4BN: a randomized controlled trial of online chat and face-to-face group therapy for bulimia nervosa. Psychother Psychosom 86(1):47–53, 2017
• Zickgraf HF, Ellis JM: Initial validation of the Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder screen (NIAS): a measure of three restrictive eating patterns. Appetite 123:32–42, 2018
• Zipfel S, Wild B, Groß G, et al: Focal psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and optimised treatment as usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa (ANTOP study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 383(9912):127–137, 2014
• Ziser K, Rheindorf N, Keifenheim K, et al: Motivation-enhancing psychotherapy for inpatients with anorexia nervosa (MANNA): a randomized controlled pilot study. Front Psychiatry 12:632660, 2021