Appendix A. Clinical Questions and Search Strategies
Clinical Questions
The evidence reviews for both the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD) (Jonas et al. 2014) and this guideline were premised on the following clinical questions:
1A. Which medications are efficacious for improving consumption outcomes for adults with AUD in outpatient settings?
1B. How do medications for adults with AUD compare for improving consumption outcomes in outpatient settings?
2A. Which medications are efficacious for improving health outcomes for adults with AUD in outpatient settings?
2B. How do medications for adults with AUD compare for improving health outcomes in outpatient settings?
3A. What adverse effects are associated with medications for adults with AUD in outpatient settings?
3B. How do medications for adults with AUD compare for adverse effects in outpatient settings?
4. Are medications for treating adults with AUD effective in primary care settings?
5. Are any of the medications more or less effective than other medications for men or women, older adults, young adults, racial or ethnic minorities, smokers, or those with co-occurring disorders?
6. Are any of the medications more or less effective for adults with specific genotypes (e.g., related to polymorphisms of the μ-opioid receptor gene [OPRM1])?
Search Strategies
The AHRQ’s systematic review, Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings (Jonas et al. 2014), served as the predominant source of information for this guideline. The search strategies used by the AHRQ can be found in the appendix of the AHRQ review (Jonas et al. 2014). Since the AHRQ searches were conducted from January 1, 1970 through October 11, 2013, the APA also conducted a search of the literature to supplement the AHRQ review, which ranged from September 1, 2013 to April 24, 2016 and used search strategies identical to those used in the AHRQ review. Databases that were searched for both the AHRQ and APA reviews are MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Elsevier), and Cochrane (Wiley). Details on the search terms and numbers of the articles found in the updated search are provided in the following tables.
Search | Query | Items found |
|---|---|---|
#1 | Search “Alcohol-Related Disorders” [MeSH] | 101450 |
#2 | Search “Alcoholism” [MeSH] | 69036 |
#3 | Search “Alcohol Drinking” [MeSH] | 55907 |
#4 | Search alcohol depend* | 10367 |
#5 | Search “alcohol misuse” | 1872 |
#6 | Search alcohol addiction* | 1041 |
#7 | Search “alcohol abuse” | 14980 |
#8 | Search problem drink* | 2557 |
#9 | Search alcohol problem* | 3524 |
#10 | Search “alcohol consumption” | 32259 |
#11 | Search harmful alcohol* | 386 |
#12 | Search harmful drink* | 385 |
#13 | Search (((drinking[tiab] OR drinker[tiab] OR drinkers[tiab]) AND alcohol[tiab])) | 32042 |
#14 | Search (#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13) | 169531 |
#15 | Search “Alcohol Deterrents”[MeSH] | 1211 |
#16 | Search ((“Naltrexone”[Mesh] OR naltrexone)) | 8614 |
#17 | Search ReVia | 8616 |
#18 | Search Vivitrol | 29 |
#19 | Search ((“acamprosate” [Supplementary Concept] OR acamprosate)) | 735 |
#20 | Search Campral | 737 |
#21 | Search ((“Disulfiram”[Mesh] OR Disulfiram)) | 3960 |
#22 | Search Antabuse | 4005 |
#23 | Search ((“Amitriptyline”[Mesh] OR Amitriptyline)) | 8489 |
#24 | Search ((“aripiprazole” [Supplementary Concept] OR aripiprazole)) | 2982 |
#25 | Search ((“atomoxetine” [Supplementary Concept] OR atomoxetine)) | 1366 |
#26 | Search ((“Baclofen”[Mesh] OR Baclofen)) | 7067 |
#27 | Search ((“Buspirone”[Mesh] OR Buspirone)) | 2764 |
#28 | Search ((“Citalopram”[Mesh] OR citalopram)) | 5752 |
#29 | Search ((“Desipramine”[Mesh] OR Desipramine)) | 7634 |
#30 | Search escitalopram | 6211 |
#31 | Search ((“Fluoxetine”[Mesh] OR Fluoxetine)) | 11983 |
#32 | Search ((“Fluvoxamine”[Mesh] OR Fluvoxamine)) | 2712 |
#33 | Search ((“gabapentin” [Supplementary Concept] OR gabapentin)) | 5237 |
#34 | Search ((“Imipramine”[Mesh] OR Imipramine)) | 12756 |
#35 | Search ((“nalmefene” [Supplementary Concept] OR nalmefene)) | 339 |
#36 | Search ((“olanzapine” [Supplementary Concept] OR olanzapine)) | 7659 |
#37 | Search ((“Ondansetron”[Mesh] OR Ondansetron)) | 4157 |
#38 | Search ((“Paroxetine”[Mesh] OR paroxetine)) | 5642 |
#39 | Search ((“Prazosin”[Mesh] OR Prazosin)) | 13129 |
#40 | Search ((“quetiapine” [Supplementary Concept] OR quetiapine)) | 4056 |
#41 | Search ((“Sertraline”[Mesh] OR Sertraline)) | 4196 |
#42 | Search ((“topiramate”[Supplementary Concept] OR topiramate)) | 4003 |
#43 | Search (((“Valproic Acid”[Mesh] OR Valproate))) OR "divalproex" | 16643 |
#44 | Search ((“varenicline”[Supplementary Concept] OR varenicline)) | 1348 |
#45 | Search ((“Viloxazine”[Mesh] OR Viloxazine)) | 321 |
#46 | Search ((#15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36 or #37 or #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45)) | 120290 |
#47 | Search ((#14 and #46)) | 4533 |
#48 | Search (((#14 and #46))) AND "humans"[Filter] | 3469 |
#49 | Search (((#14 and #46)) AND "humans"[Filter]) AND "english"[Filter] | 2867 |
#50 | Search ((((#14 and #46)) AND "humans"[Filter]) AND "english"[Filter]) AND "adult"[Filter] | 1273 |
#51 | Search (#50) AND ("1970/01/01"[Date - Publication] : "3000"[Date - Publication]) | 1253 |
#52 | Search ((comment[pt] OR editorial[pt] OR letter[pt] OR news[pt]))) | 1635136 |
#53 | Search ((#51 NOT #52)) | 1185 |
#54 | Search (((#51 NOT #52))) AND ("2013/09/01"[Date - Publication] : "3000"[Date - Publication]) | 124 |
#55 | Search ((#47 AND (“retraction”[All Fields] OR “Retracted Publication”[pt])) | 5 |
#56 | Search #54 NOT #55 | 124 |
PubMed
Search ID# | Search terms (using Boolean/phrase search mode) | Actions |
|---|---|---|
S1 | “Alcohol-Related Disorders” | 280 |
S2 | DE “Alcoholism” | 26797 |
S3 | (DE “Alcohol Drinking Attitudes” OR DE “Alcohol Drinking Patterns") OR (DE "Alcohol Intoxication”) | 22573 |
S4 | alcohol depend* | 18723 |
S5 | “alcohol misuse” | 1647 |
S6 | alcohol addiction* | 3846 |
S7 | “alcohol abuse” | 24544 |
S8 | problem drink* | 5810 |
S9 | alcohol problem* | 12102 |
S10 | “alcohol consumption” | 15177 |
S11 | harmful alcohol* | 724 |
S12 | harmful drink* | 498 |
S13 | TI ( (drinking OR drinker OR drinkers) AND alcohol ) OR AB ( (drinking OR drinker OR drinkers) AND alcohol ) | 24062 |
S14 | S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 | 82937 |
S15 | “Alcohol Deterrents” | 2 |
S16 | naltrexone | 2986 |
S17 | ReVia | 18 |
S18 | Vivitrol | 23 |
S19 | acamprosate | 416 |
S20 | Campral | 14 |
S21 | Disulfiram | 654 |
S22 | Antabuse | 160 |
S23 | Amitriptyline | 2333 |
S24 | aripiprazole | 2049 |
S25 | atomoxetine | 787 |
S26 | Baclofen | 1221 |
S27 | Buspirone | 1400 |
S28 | Citalopram | 2365 |
S29 | Desipramine | 2090 |
S30 | escitalopram | 1185 |
S31 | Fluoxetine | 6074 |
S32 | Fluvoxamine | 1522 |
S33 | gabapentin | 1207 |
S34 | Imipramine | 4044 |
S35 | nalmefene | 114 |
S36 | olanzapine | 5556 |
S37 | Ondansetron | 446 |
S38 | Paroxetine | 3057 |
S39 | Prazosin | 594 |
S40 | quetiapine | 3074 |
S41 | Sertraline | 2469 |
S42 | topiramate | 1450 |
S43 | “Valproic Acid” OR Valproate OR divalproex | 4342 |
S44 | varenicline | 562 |
S45 | Viloxazine | 109 |
S46 | S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 | 40367 |
S47 | S14 AND S46 | 2411 |
S48 | S14 AND S46 Limiters - English; Age Groups: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Population Group: Human | 1197 |
S49 | S14 AND S46 Limiters - Published Date: 20130901-20160531; English; Age Groups: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Population Group: Human | 181 |
PsycINFO
Search ID# | Search terms (using Boolean/phrase search mode) | References retrieved |
|---|---|---|
S1 | MH “Alcohol-Related Disorders” | 1275 |
S2 | MH “Alcoholism” | 12790 |
S3 | MH “Alcohol Drinking” | 19424 |
S4 | alcohol depend* | 4003 |
S5 | “alcohol misuse” | 855 |
S6 | alcohol addiction* | 507 |
S7 | “alcohol abuse” | 9104 |
S8 | problem drink* | 1694 |
S9 | alcohol problem* | 3696 |
S10 | “alcohol consumption” | 7140 |
S11 | harmful alcohol* | 368 |
S12 | harmful drink* | 238 |
S13 | TI ( (drinking OR drinker OR drinkers) AND alcohol ) OR AB ( (drinking OR drinker OR drinkers) AND alcohol ) | 8163 |
S14 | S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 | 43236 |
S15 | MH “Alcohol Deterrents” | 253 |
S16 | naltrexone | 1506 |
S17 | ReVia | 11 |
S18 | Vivitrol | 50 |
S19 | acamprosate | 196 |
S20 | Campral | 7 |
S21 | Disulfiram | 271 |
S22 | Antabuse | 20 |
S23 | Amitriptyline | 865 |
S24 | aripiprazole | 920 |
S25 | atomoxetine | 517 |
S26 | Baclofen | 1005 |
S27 | Buspirone | 253 |
S28 | Citalopram | 1217 |
S29 | Desipramine | 177 |
S30 | escitalopram | 475 |
S31 | Fluoxetine | 1676 |
S32 | Fluvoxamine | 227 |
S33 | gabapentin | 1584 |
S34 | Imipramine | 343 |
S35 | nalmefene | 50 |
S36 | olanzapine | 1747 |
S37 | Ondansetron | 936 |
S38 | Paroxetine | 1120 |
S39 | Prazosin | 316 |
S40 | quetiapine | 1084 |
S41 | Sertraline | 1028 |
S42 | topiramate | 1165 |
S43 | “Valproic Acid” OR Valproate OR divalproex | 2193 |
S44 | varenicline | 555 |
S45 | Viloxazine | 5 |
S46 | S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 | 17496 |
S47 | S14 AND S46 | 1201 |
S48 | S14 AND S46 Limiters - English; Age Groups: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Population Group: Human | 1196 |
S49 | S14 AND S46 Limiters - Published Date: 20130901-20160531; English; Age Groups: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Population Group: Human | 239 |
CINAHL
Search ID# | Search terms | References retrieved |
|---|---|---|
#1 | ‘alcohol-related disorders’/exp OR ‘alcohol-related disorders’ | 109,688 |
#2 | ‘alcoholism’/exp | 109,506 |
#3 | ‘drinking behavior’/exp | 39,554 |
#4 | ‘alcohol’/exp AND depend* | 37,628 |
#5 | ‘alcohol misuse’ | 2,372 |
#6 | ‘alcohol’/exp AND addiction* | 12,146 |
#7 | ‘alcohol abuse’/exp | 29,673 |
#8 | problem AND drink* | 9,845 |
#9 | ‘alcohol’/exp AND problem* | 14,123 |
#10 | ‘alcohol consumption’/exp | 90,443 |
#11 | harmful AND alcohol* | 3,691 |
#12 | harmful AND drink* | 2,250 |
#13 | drinking:ti OR drinker:ti OR drinkers:ti AND alcohol:ti OR (drinking:ab OR drinker:ab OR drinkers:ab AND alcohol:ab) | 40,816 |
#14 | #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 | 258,040 |
#15 | ‘alcohol deterrents’ | 15 |
#16 | ‘naltrexone’/exp OR naltrexone | 13,218 |
#17 | ‘revia’/exp OR revia | 12,211 |
#18 | ‘vivitrol’/exp OR vivitrol | 12,203 |
#19 | ‘acamprosate’/exp OR acamprosate | 2,082 |
#20 | ‘campral’/exp OR campral | 2,025 |
#21 | ‘disulfiram’/exp OR disulfiram | 8,453 |
#22 | ‘antabuse’/exp OR antabuse | 8,134 |
#23 | ‘amitriptyline’/exp OR amitriptyline | 36,056 |
#24 | ‘aripiprazole’/exp OR aripiprazole | 11,148 |
#25 | ‘atomoxetine’/exp OR atomoxetine | 4,233 |
#26 | ‘baclofen’/exp OR baclofen | 15,835 |
#27 | ‘buspirone’/exp OR buspirone | 8,567 |
#28 | ‘citalopram’/exp OR citalopram | 19,423 |
#29 | ‘desipramine’/exp OR desipramine | 21,591 |
#30 | ‘escitalopram’/exp OR escitalopram | 8,570 |
#31 | ‘fluoxetine’/exp OR fluoxetine | 41,023 |
#32 | ‘fluvoxamine’/exp OR fluvoxamine | 12,745 |
#33 | ‘gabapentin’/exp OR gabapentin | 23,826 |
#34 | ‘imipramine’/exp OR imipramine | 35,132 |
#35 | ‘nalmefene’/exp OR nalmefene | 1,087 |
#36 | ‘olanzapine’/exp OR olanzapine | 28,340 |
#37 | ‘ondansetron’/exp OR ondansetron | 14,436 |
#38 | ‘paroxetine’/exp OR paroxetine | 24,817 |
#39 | ‘prazosin’/exp OR prazosin | 23,785 |
#40 | ‘quetiapine’/exp OR quetiapine | 18,698 |
#41 | ‘sertraline’/exp OR sertraline | 21,836 |
#42 | ‘topiramate’/exp OR topiramate | 17,639 |
#43 | ‘valproic acid’/exp OR ‘valproic acid’ OR ‘valproate’/exp OR valproate OR divalproex | 57,157 |
#44 | ‘varenicline’/exp OR varenicline | 3,309 |
#45 | ‘viloxazine’/exp OR viloxazine | 1,451 |
#46 | #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 OR #31 OR #32 OR #33 OR #34 OR #35 OR #36 OR #37 OR #38 OR #39 OR #40 OR #41 OR #42 OR #43 OR #44 OR #45 | 289,719 |
#47 | #14 AND #46 | 11,439 |
#48 | #47 AND ([adult]/lim OR [aged]/lim) AND [humans]/lim AND [english]/lim AND [embase]/lim AND [1970-2016]/py | 2,401 |
#49 | editorial:it OR letter:it OR note:it AND [1970-2016]/py | 2,041,776 |
#50 | #48 NOT #49 AND [1970-2016]/py | 2,161 |
#51 | #48 NOT #49 AND [2013-2016]/py | 545 |
EMBASE
ID | Search | Hits |
|---|---|---|
#1 | MeSH descriptor: [Alcohol-Related Disorders] explode all trees | 3886 |
#2 | MeSH descriptor: [Alcoholism] explode all trees | 2638 |
#3 | MeSH descriptor: [Alcohol Drinking] explode all trees | 2804 |
#4 | alcohol depend* | 5822 |
#5 | “alcohol misuse” | 299 |
#6 | alcohol addiction* | 1893 |
#7 | “alcohol abuse” | 1452 |
#8 | problem drink* | 1027 |
#9 | alcohol problem* | 3480 |
#10 | “alcohol consumption’ | 3355 |
#11 | harmful alcohol* | 710 |
#12 | harmful drink* | 310 |
#13 | (drinking:ti or drinking:ab or drinker:ti or drinker:ab or drinkers:ti or drinkers:ab) and (alcohol:ti or alcohol:ab) | 3324 |
#14 | #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 | 13194 |
#15 | MeSH descriptor: [Alcohol Deterrents] explode all trees | 182 |
#16 | [mh Naltrexone] or naltrexone | 1559 |
#17 | ReVia | 13 |
#18 | Vivitrol | 16 |
#19 | acamprosate | 256 |
#20 | Campral | 8 |
#21 | [mh Disulfiram] or Disulfiram | 291 |
#22 | Antabuse | 26 |
#23 | [mh Amitriptyline] or Amitriptyline | 2536 |
#24 | aripiprazole | 917 |
#25 | atomoxetine | 407 |
#26 | [mh Baclofen] or Baclofen | 475 |
#27 | [mh Buspirone] or Buspirone | 569 |
#28 | [mh Citalopram] or Citalopram | 1797 |
#29 | [mh Desipramine] or Desipramine | 848 |
#30 | escitalopram | 1013 |
#31 | [mh Fluoxetine] or Fluoxetine | 3173 |
#32 | [mh Fluvoxamine] or Fluvoxamine | 963 |
#33 | gabapentin | 1402 |
#34 | [mh Imipramine] or Imipramine | 2264 |
#35 | nalmefene | 120 |
#36 | olanzapine | 2653 |
#37 | [mh Ondansetron] or Ondansetron | 2431 |
#38 | [mh Paroxetine] or Paroxetine | 2402 |
#39 | [mh Prazosin] or Prazosin | 1138 |
#40 | quetiapine | 1323 |
#41 | [mh Sertraline] or Sertraline | 2013 |
#42 | topiramate | 979 |
#43 | [mh "Valproic Acid"] or Valproate or Divalproex | 1674 |
#44 | [mh Viloxazine] or Viloxazine | 151 |
#45 | varenicline | 480 |
#46 | #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36 or #37 or #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 | 25834 |
#47 | #14 and #46 | 1847 |
#48 | comment:pt or editorial:pt or letter:pt or news:pt | 7973 |
#49 | #47 not #48 | 1838 |
COCHRANE
Search | Items found |
|---|---|
(“patient preference” OR “patient preferences” OR “patient choice” OR “patient choices” OR “shared decision making” OR “patient centered”) AND (“alcohol use disorder” OR “alcohol use disorders” OR “alcohol abuse” OR “alcohol dependence” OR “alcoholism” OR “alcoholic”) | 88 |
Limited to “english”[Language] AND “humans”[Filter] | 67 |
Additional Target Searches Search of MEDLINE (PubMed) on January 19, 2017 related to patient preferences and AUD pharmacotherapy
Articles were screened by one reviewer (L. J. F.) for relevance based on whether the patient population was primarily individuals with AUD and whether specific preferences for AUD treatments were discussed. Three articles were identified but were of limited relevance because one addressed only patients who were undomiciled, one was in a primary care setting, and one was based on a survey of the Swedish general population. None of the articles commented on preferences for specific pharmacotherapies.
Search | Items found |
|---|---|
(“audit” OR “promis” OR “rating scale” OR “rating scales” OR “quantitative measure” OR “quantitative measurement” OR “quantitative measurements” OR “quantitative measures” OR “measurement based”) AND (“alcohol use disorder” OR “alcohol use disorders” OR “alcohol abuse” OR “alcohol dependence” OR “alcoholism” OR “alcoholic”) | 4376 |
Limited to (“english”[Filter] AND “humans”[Filter] AND (“2006”[Date - Publication] : “2016”[Date - Publication])) NOT (“comment”[Publication Type] OR “editorial”[Publication Type] OR “letter”[Publication Type]) | 1859 |
Additional Target Searches Search of MEDLINE (PubMed) on January 22, 2017 related to use of quantitative measures to detect the presence and severity of alcohol misuse
Articles were screened by one reviewer (L. J. F.) for relevance based on whether the quantitative measure was used to support a diagnosis of AUD and establish its severity. Articles were excluded if they focused on the use of quantitative measures for screening purposes in community samples or primary care settings. Three articles were identified, one of which was a systematic review of properties of the AUDIT.
Search | Items found |
|---|---|
(“biomarker” OR “biomarkers” OR “cdt” OR “carbohydrate deficient transferrin” OR “ast” OR “alt” OR “aspartate amino transferase” OR “alanine amino transferase” OR “ethylglucuronide” OR “ethyl glucuronide” OR “ethyl sulfate” OR “ethylsulfate” OR “ggt” OR “gamma glutamyl transferase” OR “gammaglutamyltransferase” OR “mcv” OR “mean corpuscular volume” OR “phosphatidylethanol” OR “phosphatidyl ethanol” OR “peth”) AND (“alcohol use disorder” OR “alcohol use disorders” OR “alcohol abuse” OR “alcohol dependence” OR “alcoholism” OR “alcoholic”) | 6175 |
Limited to (“english”[Filter] AND “humans”[Filter] AND (“2006”[Date - Publication] : “2016”[Date - Publication])) NOT (“comment”[Publication Type] OR “editorial”[Publication Type] OR “letter”[Publication Type]) | 2562 |
Additional Target Searches Search of MEDLINE (PubMed) on January 22, 2017 related to use of laboratory biomarkers for alcohol use
Articles were screened by one reviewer (L. J. F.) for relevance based on whether the laboratory biomarker was used as part of an initial evaluation of AUD or for ongoing monitoring of alcohol consumption patterns during treatment. Articles were included if they focused on the impact of quantitative measures on patient outcomes and used a randomized controlled design or a controlled or prospective cohort design with at least 50 individuals. Articles that were aimed primarily at establishing threshold values to optimize sensitivity and specificity or optimizing laboratory assay methodologies were excluded. Three articles were identified, of which one was a systematic review that included articles on use of phosphatidylethanol as a possible marker for chronic alcohol consumption or binge drinking. Two articles addressed the utility of biomarkers in identifying relapse of AUD in individuals who had received a liver transplant.
Search | Items found |
|---|---|
(“disulfiram” OR “acamprosate” OR “naltrexone” OR “topiramate” OR “ondansetron” OR “gabapentin”) AND (“pregnant” OR “pregnancy” OR “breast feeding” OR “breastfeeding” OR “lactation” OR “lactating” OR “puerperal disorders” OR “puerperium” OR “perinatal” OR “prenatal”) | 646 |
Limited to “english”[Language] AND “humans”[Filter] AND (“2006”[Date - Publication] : “2016”[Date - Publication]) | 229 |
Additional Target Searches Search of MEDLINE (PubMed) on January 19, 2017 related to use of AUD medications in pregnancy and while breastfeeding
Articles were screened by one reviewer (L. J. F.) for relevance based on whether treatment using the medications listed above was at least 3 weeks in duration and not just at delivery or on an as-needed basis (e.g., for intermittent nausea). Included articles were randomized controlled trials, clinical trials of at least 50 women, or data from registries (e.g., MotherRisk). On the basis of these criteria, 11 articles were identified for full text review for possible citation in the discussion of evidence for guideline Statement 14.
