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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision | Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence > Introduction > Pervasive Developmental Disorders > | 299.00 Autistic Disorder Sections: Associated laboratory findings., Associated physical examination findings and general
medical conditions.. Topics Discussed: autistic disorder.
Excerpt:
"The essential features of Autistic Disorder are the presence
of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction
and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity
and interests. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending
on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual.
Autistic Disorder is sometimes referred to as early
infantile autism, childhood autism, or Kanner's
autism.The impairment in reciprocal social interaction
is gross and sustained. There may be marked impairment in the use
of multiple nonverbal behaviors (e.g., eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression,
body postures and gestures) to regulate social interaction and communication
(Criterion A1a). There may be failure to develop peer relationships appropriate
to developmental level (Criterion A1b) that may take different forms
at different ages. Younger individuals may have little or no interest
in establishing friendships. Older individuals may have an interest
in friendship but lack understanding of the conventions of social
interaction. There may be a lack of spontaneous seeking to share
enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., not showing,
bringing, or pointing out objects they find interesting) (Criterion
A1c). Lack of social or emotional reciprocity may be present (e.g.,
not actively participating in simple social play or games, preferring
solitary activities, or involving others in activities only as tools
or "mechanical" aids) (Criterion A1d). Often an
individual's awareness of others is markedly impaired.
Individuals with this disorder may be oblivious to other children
(including siblings), may have no concept of the needs of others,
or may not notice another person's distress...."
DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349.7585
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