The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry, 5th Edition Chapter 26. Psychopharmacology > Antidepressant Medications Sections: Overview, Mechanisms of Action, Indications and Efficacy, Clinical Use, Antidepressants and Suicide, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Background, Clinical Use, Risks, Side Effects, and Their Management, Common side effects, Gastrointestinal symptoms, Sexual dysfunction, Stimulation and insomnia, Sedation, Vivid dreams, Bleeding, Neurological effects, Weight change, Rash, Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, Apathy syndrome, Serotonin syndrome, Discontinuation syndrome, Teratogenicity, Drug Interactions, Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors, Background, Venlafaxine, Background, Clinical use, Risks, side effects, and their management, Overdose, Drug interactions, Duloxetine, Background, Clinical use, Risks, side effects, and their management, Overdose, Drug interactions, Bupropion, Background, Clinical Use, Contraindications, Risks, Side Effects, and Their Management, Seizures, Psychosis, Overdose, Drug Interactions, Nefazodone, Trazodone, Background, Clinical Use, Risks, Side Effects, and Their Management, Overdose, Mirtazapine, Background, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Use, Risks, Side Effects, and Their Management, Common side effects, Agranulocytosis, Anticholinergic effects, Cardiovascular effects, Overdose, Drug Interactions, Tricyclic and Heterocyclic Antidepressants, Background, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Use, TCA Plasma Levels and Therapeutic Monitoring, Risks, Side Effects, and Their Management, Anticholinergic effects, Sedation, Cardiovascular effects, Weight gain, Seizures, Extrapyramidal side effects (amoxapine only), Overdose, Drug Interactions, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Background, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Use, Risks, Side Effects, and Their Management, Hypertensive crisis, Serotonin Syndrome, Cardiovascular effects, Weight gain, Sexual dysfunction, CNS effects, Overdose, Drug Interactions, Treatment of Specific Disorders, Pharmacotherapy for Acute Major Depression, Pharmacotherapy for Depression With Psychotic Features, Pharmacotherapy for Bipolar Depression, Maintenance Treatment of Major Depression, Treatment-Resistant Depression, Pharmacotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder, Discontinuation of Antidepressants, Antidepressant Switching. Topics Discussed: amitriptyline; amoxapine; antidepressive agents; antidepressive agents, tricyclic; apathy; borderline personality disorder; bupropion; citalopram; clomipramine; depression, bipolar; depression, treatment-resistant; depressive disorder; desipramine; doxepin; duloxetine; fluoxetine; fluvoxamine; imipramine; inappropriate adh syndrome; late luteal phase dysphoric disorder; lithium; major depressive disorder; maprotiline; migraine disorders; mirtazapine; moclobemide; monoamine oxidase inhibitors; nefazodone; nortriptyline; obsessive-compulsive disorder; parkinson disease; paroxetine; phenelzine; physostigmine; protriptyline; selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor; serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; serotonin syndrome; sertraline; severe major depression with psychotic features; smoking cessation; tranylcypromine; trazodone; trimipramine; venlafaxine. Excerpt: "One of the most rapidly expanding areas in psychopharmacology is the development of antidepressant medications. Indeed, the antidepressant class contains several different types of medications, categorized largely by their actions on neurotransmission. To date, all antidepressants appear to be similarly effective for treating major depression, but individual patients may respond preferentially to one agent or another. In addition, these medications are significantly different from one another with regard to side effects, lethality in overdose, pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interaction potential, and the ability to treat comorbid disorders. In this section, we review the pharmacological properties of the various medications within the antidepressant class and discuss some of their clinical uses.All currently available antidepressant drugs affect serotonergic and/or noradrenergic neurotransmission. The effects of antidepressants on monoamine availability are immediate, but the clinical response is typically delayed for several weeks. Downregulation of receptors more closely..." DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9781585623402.320107 The content above is only an excerpt. For full access subscribe now or log into your account below. You can also purchase 24- or 48-hour access; learn more Username: Password:     Athens Login FORGOT your subscriber username and/or password? Get a reminder via email: The email I registered with is:  Not a subscriber? Subscribe Today PsychiatryOnline is a powerful website that features DSM-IV-TR® and The American Journal of Psychiatry as the cornerstones of an unsurpassed collection of psychiatric references, including books, journals, and self-assessment tools. PsychiatryOnline’s innovative platform makes these resources easy and convenient to use, offering Precise and powerful searching across books and journals. Quick pathways to related material. 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