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Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, 4th Edition

Part III. Substance-Related Disorders > Chapter 15. The Hallucinogens, Marijuana, and Club Drugs > Marijuana >

Clinical Psychopharmacology

Topics Discussed: cannabis intoxication; marijuana; marijuana abuse.

Excerpt: "Marijuana can be ingested orally, but the most common mode of administration is by smoking and inhalation. The principal psychoactive constituents,

⁸-THC and

⁹-THC, were isolated in the 1960s by Mechoulam, well before the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors (see Martin et al. 1999). Marijuana smoke contains more than 400 compounds in addition to the major psychoactive component,

⁹-THC. Many of the cannabinoids and other complex organic compounds also appear to have psychoactive properties, and most have not been tested for long- or short-term safety in animals or humans. The lack of precise correlation between peak high and

⁹-THC has suggested the importance of THC metabolism in the "high." Intensity of central brain rewarding effects is usually correlated with the rapidity of hitting the brain, and as smoking delivers THC to the brain..."

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